Social Institutions and Manipulation Exposed in A...

As teenagers deviate from the constraining grasp of their parents, they begin to establish their own identity through decisions; however, their development of self-identification is frequently hindered by manipulation of societal institutions such as: justice system, religion, and media. Anthony Burgess, author of A Clockwork Orange, establishes the idea of freewill and how it is suppressed when Alex, the main protagonist, undergoes the manipulative Ludovicos technique, religious lectures, and social norms influenced by media- used to instill pain when Alexs desires violence/music and finding salvation, which is similar to the treatment of criminals in our society; ultimately utilized to mitigate crime, but also suppresses freewill†¦show more content†¦Another foible implicitly tied to the Justice System is fear administered by police officials. By enforcing the law they constantly remind society that there are certain inadmissible actions, which lead to repercussions; in o ther words, they want citizens to be orderly and to not transgress against society, even if our intentions do not abide to the law. This is akin to Alex, the main protagonist in the novel A Clockwork Orange, by inflicting internal pain through Ludovicos technique, which is administered by prison doctors to manipulate and suppress Alexs truculent desire. Despite the reassurance offered by the justice system, they are, in some way, manipulating our decisions to serve the greater good of society, while surreptitiously serving as dictators to society and criminals. Therefore, the Justice system, with their subtle constraints, has a resounding effect on the choices made by individuals. Often times, pondering individuals in search of salvation acquire their peace-of-mind by succumbing to religious movements to atone for their sins; however, religion has always been a tool of oppression since its advent because followers grow to acknowledge their

Bonds Definition and Examples in Chemistry

In chemistry, a bond or chemical bond is a link between atoms in molecules  or compounds and between ions and molecules in crystals. A bond represents a lasting attraction between different atoms, molecules or ions. Why Bonds Form Most of bonding behavior can be explained by the attraction between two opposite electrical charge. The electrons of an atom or ion are attracted to their own positively-charged nucleus (containing protons), yet also to the nuclei of nearby atoms. Species that participate in chemical bonds are more stable when the bond is formed, typically because they had an imbalance of charge (greater or fewer number of electrons than protons) or because their valence electrons did not fill or half-fill electron orbitals. Examples of Chemical Bonds The two main types of bonds are  covalent bonds  and  ionic bonds. Covalent bonding is where atoms share electrons more or less equally between each other. In an ionic bond, an electron from one atom spends more time associated with the nucleus and electron orbitals of the other atom (essentially donated). However, pure covalent and ionic bonding is relatively rare. Usually a bond is intermediate between ionic and covalent. In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared, but the electrons participating in the bond are more attracted to one atom than to the other. Another type of bonding is a metallic bond. In a metallic bond, electrons are donated to an electron sea between a group of atoms. Metallic bonding is very strong, but the fluid nature of the electrons allows for a high degree of electrical and thermal conductivity.

Concept Analysis Walker And Avant - 1031 Words

Concept has been defined as â€Å"symbolic statement describing a phenomena or class of phenomena (Kim, 2000,p.15). It can be theoretical or non theoretical like hope, love and desire or body temperature, pain (McEwen Willis, 2011) the words like grief, empathy, power, job satisfaction or a phrase like health promoting behaviors or maternal attachment. Concept analysis refers to the rigorous process of bringing clarity to the definition of the concept used in science (McEwen Willis, p, 51). According to McEwen (2011), the purpose of concept analysis is to clarify, recognize, and define concepts that describe phenomena. Method of analysis There are several methods of analyzing the concepts. The purpose of concept analysis is to help the nurses to identify the trends and development in patient care. In depth analysis of these trends and developments helps to formulate measures to provide holistic patient care (â€Å"Grand canyon university†2013). Walker and Avant introduced the process of concept analysis in nursing in 1983.Walker and Avant (2005). They are concept analysis; concept synthesis and concept derivation explained three different processes to analyze the concept in nursing. According to McEwen (2011) Walker and Avant use concept analysis to clarify meanings of terms and define concepts with an excepted outcome of readers and writers communicating in a common language. The Walker and Avant’s method used in the concept analysis of concept of teamwork. Teamwork isShow MoreRelatedConcept Analysis : Walker And Avant1499 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many concepts in nursing theory that need furt her clarification. A concept analysis can provide a thorough explanation of a term in nursing theory that will help healthcare professionals better communicate. The Walker and Avant approach to perform a concept analysis was specifically formulated with nurses in mind (McEwen Wills, 2014). Walker and Avant proposed a concept analysis be used to further understand the meaning of a term or concept in anticipation that those using the term wouldRead MoreFlorence Nightingales Environmental Theory1400 Words   |  6 Pageslaws, nursing as a calling, nursing as both science and art, and nursing being different from medicine. Her major concepts included house health, personal cleanliness, chattering hopes and advices, among others. Nightingale saw the need to configure the environmental settings addressing the importance of fresh air, clean water, proper drainage and light. Cleanliness: Concept Analysis Despite our outstanding material, the world is full of many social conflicts. The human race is lacking essentialRead MoreConcept Analysis In Nursing1158 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of Concept Analysis to Practice In recent years there has been a movement in nursing to further understand the many terms (concepts) that are used. Concepts in nursing often seem vague or appear to have ambiguous meanings. For the purpose of this paper, we will take a deeper look at one specific concept, emotional intelligence, and examine a peer reviewed article that utilizes the Walker and Avant method to deconstruct the meaning. Emotional intelligence is asks the nurse to look atRead MoreA Concept Analysis On Compassion Fatigue1647 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose The purpose of conducting a concept analysis is to divide the components of a concept into separate individual parts for evaluation and clarification. Analysis of the internal structure, defining aspects, characteristics and interrelationships to the other components can be achieved by conducting a concept analysis. The basic purpose is a process to discover the similarities and differences between concepts (Walker Avant, 2005). The intent of the concept analysis on the subject of compassion fatigueRead MoreApplication Of Concept Analysis For Clinical Practice1149 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of concept analysis to clinical practice The concept has been defined as â€Å"symbolic statement describing a phenomena or class of phenomena â€Å"(Kim, 2000,p.15). It can be theoretical or non theoretical like hope, love and desire or body temperature, pain (McEwen Willis, 2011) the words like grief, empathy, power, job satisfaction or a phrase like health promoting behaviors or maternal attachment. Concept analysis mentions to the laborious process of bringing clarity to the definition ofRead MoreOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 Pagespredicator of success. Purpose of the Concept Analysis Concept analysis helps to clarify vague or ambiguous concepts. It is a process to examine the structure and function of a concept (Walker Avant, 2011). There are numerous definitions and meanings of organizational culture in the literature. The purpose of this concept analysis paper is to develop a conceptual definition of Organizational Culture within a hospital setting. Historical Perspective of the Concept and Current Uses A thorough integratedRead MoreFamily Centered Care : A Concept Analysis Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages A Concept Analysis Jessica Giangrande, RN, BSN Georgia Southern University (intro) â€Å"Family-centered care† is a term heard often in healthcare settings and in nursing practice. Family-centered care has been recognized as being an integral part to patient health, satisfaction and health care quality (Kuo, et al, 2012). Family-centered care is implemented with the goal to increase partnerships between, families, patients and providers; and has been prioritized as a core-concept ofRead MoreConcept Analysis : Nursing Analysis1658 Words   |  7 PagesConcept Nursing Analysis The meaning of concept analysis is how nursing â€Å"explores the meaning of concepts to promote understanding† (McEwen, Wills, 2010). Pain continues to be a common problem within health care and one of the most treat problems when seeking medical treatment. The concept analysis consist of several steps to complete the process. The steps of the concept analysis are as follows: â€Å"1. select the concept 2. Determine the aims or purpose of analysis 3. Identify all the uses of theRead MoreConcept Analysis Critique of Homophobia in Nursing Essay3391 Words   |  14 Pagesanalysis critiqueRunning Head: CONCEPT ANALYSIS CRITIQUE Concept Analysis Critique of Christensen’s Homophobia in Nursing Using Walker and Avant’s Framework NUR 701-90 Nursing Theory The Sage Colleges Lori Ciafardoni-Hawkes RN, MSN/MEd November 17, 2010 Concept Analysis Critique of Christensen’s Homophobia in Nursing Using Walker and Avant’s Framework Introduction Concept analysis is discussed by Walker and Avant (2005) as a way to describe phenomena in nursing practice, as it â€Å"allowsRead MoreThe Fundamental Concept Of Trust1487 Words   |  6 Pages Since the introduction of concept analysis by Walker and Avant, theorists have stated its importance to nursing theory (Reed Crawford Shearer, 2012, p. 274). Trust is an essential concept in nursing, and has gained its importance both clinically and organizationally (McCabe Sambrook, 2014, p. 816). Trust it is an important feature of the nurse-patient relationship and is based on a dynamic process (McCabe Sambrook, 2014, p. 816). Structurally, trust is associated with various outcomes and

Marketing at vanguard - 1139 Words

Problem Definition Senior executives at Vanguard are evaluating their marketing strategy. In particular, they are looking at their approach to market segmentation, the organization of the marketing function, and the emphasis placed on marketing metrics in the corporate dashboard in light of an economic and stock market downturn. Situation Assessment Strengths  · Low cost high value; extremely low advertising spending and no large sales force.  · Customer focused  · High morale; Low employee turnover; high productivity  · Management involvement  · Horizontal organizational structure  · Use of Six Sigma methodologies to cut expenses, gain efficiencies  · Excellent use of benchmarking  · Centralized customer relationship management  · Use†¦show more content†¦How can Vanguard be expected to compete in face of other challenges such as institutional and regulatory hurdles as well as smaller populations overseas? Marketing segmentation was a competency that has worked for Vanguard in the past. However, customers may resent excessive categorization based on perceived investing habits or income extrapolations by Vanguard. The customers may view Vanguard as a Big Brother who pries into his or her personal lifestyle by monitoring their investment trends and then tailoring an investment plan for them with those assumptions. If you examine the potential target market sizing, the United States presents a wide array of opportunities with its varied ethnic groups. Companies such as Metlife and Citibank have done well by tapping into those markets and creating an investment niche. Rather than market segmentation based on investment habits, age or income; it may be advantageous for Vanguard to pursue these markets after conducting market tests or investment studies. Even if Vanguard decided to aggressively target certain niche targets in its sales and marketing campaign, the potential dividends reaped from doing so are far expected to outweigh the costs as it currently spends about 20 cents out of every $10,000 invested to drum up new business which is well below industry norms. Certainly newspaper advertisements as thoseShow MoreRelatedMarketing At The Vanguard Group Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesMarketing at the Vanguard Group In light of an evolving market, faced with new competitors, and after a careful analysis of their current customers, the Vanguard Group (hereinafter referred to as â€Å"Vanguard†) realizes it must rethink its entire marketing strategy. However, in order to protect and leverage their competitive advantage, which is their low management fees, and to optimize the loyalty that their customers continuously demonstrate toward their organization, they must now target the mostRead MoreVanguard Group Case Study1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vanguard Group was founded by John C. Bogle in 1975 with one mission in mind—to build wealth for its clients and only for its clients [1]. It pioneered the industry first index fund and operated in a business model which was unheard of at the time.. low-cost investing for all investors. Its corporate structure is still unique among mutual fund providers. Since Vanguard is not publicly traded or privately owned, all profits are returned back to investors in the form of lowering investing costsRead MoreMutual Funds, Vanguard Paper1375 Words   |  6 PagesVanguard Mutual Fund Evaluation FIN/420 1/26/2014 The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group offers an array of mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, brokerage, and asset management. When choosing and comparing mutual funds, there are characteristics that you need to first evaluate. This paper will review five different categories of mutual funds that Vanguard Group offers its investors. Actively Managed Common Stock Fund The Selected Value (ticker VASVX) is an actively managed common stockRead Moreessay guinness1277 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Module Title: Principles of Marketing COURSEWORK TWO REFLECTIVE ESSAY Student Name: Jonas Franck-Winther Student ID: 145858611 Seminar Leader Name: Ilya Girson Word Count: 1085 Date: 5/12-2013 1. Principles of marketing The essence of marketing is value creation, where the goal is a long-term satisfaction by building relationships and attracting new customers by offering better value than the competition. Because marketing is based on exchanges where the objectiveRead MoreTraining And Management Of Product Quality1536 Words   |  7 Pagessanitation charting †¢ Handled allergen programs †¢ Created charts to define roles and improve efficiency in communication between QA and RD. Coordinator of Music Events and Concert Operations, Vanguard University June 2013 – November 2014 Salary: $42,000 Yearly †¢ Promotion in same department as previous position at Vanguard. †¢ Created and maintained clear objectives for direct reports. Led team to exceed all benchmarks through a cross-training programs and clear leadership communication. †¢ Excelled at reductionRead MoreBus. 640 Economics942 Words   |  4 PagesThe director of marketing at Vanguard Corporation believes that sales of the company’s Bright Side laundry detergent (S) are related to Vanguard’s own advertising expenditure (A), as well as the combined advertising expenditures of its three biggest rival detergents (R). The marketing director collects 36 weekly observations on S, A, and R to estimate the following multiple regression equation: S = a + bA +cR Where S, A, and R are measured in dollars per week. Vanguard’s marketing director is comfortableRead MoreVanguard Group Case1444 Words   |  6 Pages   1. What do you think of the Vanguard group as a firm? What is the Vanguard group investment philosophy? 2. What are the key differences between Life-Style funds and Life-Cycle funds? 3. Discuss the pros and cons of Life-Style funds. Explain their rationale. 4. Discuss the pros and cons of Life-Cycle funds. Explain their rationale. 5. Are the Life-Style funds or the life-Cycle funds consistent with the theory (MeanVariance approach)? 6. Would you invest in either Life-Style or Life-CycleRead More: Managerial Economics Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe director of marketing at Vanguard Corporation believes the sales of the company’s Bright Side Laundry detergent (S) are related to Vanguard’s own advertising expenditure (A), as well as the combined advertising expenditures of its three biggest rival detergents (R). The marketing director collects 36 weekly observations on S, A, and R to estimate the following multiple regression equation: S = a + bA + cR Where S, A, R are measured in dollars per week. Vanguard’s marketing director is comfortableRead MoreWeek 2 Applied Problems Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesfraction of the total variation in sales of Bright Side remains unexplained? What can the marketing director do to increase the explanatory power of the sales equation? What other explanatory variables might be added to this equation? 1-r2 (r-squared) = 1 – 0.2247 = 0.7753 According to the previous calculations, 0.7753 of the total variation in sales of Bright Side remains unexplainable. If the marketing director wants to increase the explanatory power of the sales equation, he or she should considerRead MoreBus640 Managerial Economics Essay example944 Words   |  4 PagesThe director of marketing at Vanguard Corporation believes that sales of the company’s Bright Side laundry detergent (S) are related to Vanguard’s own advertising expenditure (A), as well as the combined advertising expenditures of its three biggest rival detergents (R). The marketing director collects 36 weekly observations on S, A, and R to estimate the following multiple regression equation: S = a + bA + cR where S, A, and R are measured in dollars per week. Vanguard’s marketing director is comfortable

A Comparison between ‘Second Wind’ and ‘Alive!’ Free Essays

I have been working on a piece of Drama called ‘Alive! ‘ based on the story of a South American team being stranded in the Andes for days desperately trying to stay alive, living on little rations and hope with the group having many mixed emotions in the dilemma at hand. I will be comparing this with the novel ‘Second Wind’ which is a thrilling novel about two BBC meteorologists wanting to go into the heart of a hurricane in the States but crash on a isolated Caribbean island. The Historic period of both pieces is very similar as both are quite contemporary being set in the 1970’s, we can see that it is very contemporary in ‘Alive! ‘ through the clothes we wear. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison between ‘Second Wind’ and ‘Alive!’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now But there are differences like ‘Alive! ‘ being set in the Andes and ‘Second Wind’ being set in the Caribbean. Our piece is set over a period of a few months but ‘Second Wind’ is set over many months, possibly a year or so. The Society in the two pieces is very different but do have a few similarities with ‘Alive! having young inexperienced youths trying to survive in a desolate mountain range, for example we have the characters that have very different views, people who want to survive like Antonio and escape the mountains and then there are other pessimistic views like Eduardo who think that they are already doomed and there is no hope at all of them surviving, we se this in the scene when the group decide that no one is coming to rescue them and he declares he knew this all along. And in ‘Second Wind’ we have characters like Michael and Perry who want to escape the Island while helping other people to survive this is very similar to Antonio taking the lead of the group and helping others to survive until help arrives. But like Eduardo Kathy in ‘Second Wind’ she to thinks that they are all doomed. In ‘Second Wind’ the characters are split with the meteorologists and the rest of the crew and the entrepreneurs on the other side. In our piece there is some division between within the group but they manage to stick together and get rescued. There are many similarities in the style of both pieces, firstly the most obvious is the tragedy of being wrecked in an abandoned place where no one ever visiting meaning less chance of survival. Both pieces show naturalism within them as both pieces reflect the effect on a deserted island or mountain range, as in ‘Alive! there is lots feelings of lost hope, but in ‘Second Wind’ there is a lot calm reflection we can see this as lots of times we have Perry thinking back to when he was young and playing with his grandmother this reflection can also be seen in ‘Alive! ‘ as there monologues that refer to the thoughts and memories to the stranded victims, this made him happy and forget his dilemma, but he would also come back to realisation. But we must take into account that ‘Second Wind’ is a novel so lots of creative techniques like reflection would help the reader feel the effect of the crash, but in ‘Alive! we use sound and lighting effects this helps visualize the piece, also with a dramatic piece you can see the characters and be drawn into them and feel part of the scene. To conclude there are many similarities between the two pieces such as the historic period, a bit of society and the style. There is also the huge similar theme of a tragedy due to a plane crash on an unfamiliar place. But there still is the difference on ‘Alive! ‘ being a dramatic performance and ‘Second Wind’ a novel so it is difficult to compare. How to cite A Comparison between ‘Second Wind’ and ‘Alive!’, Papers

Virtual Mobile Assistants-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Investigate Advances in One of two Aspects of Mobile Computing Listed in the Assignment Description, and Write a Report Summarizing Your observation. Answer: Introduction A mobile virtual assistant can be defined as the software agents in the handheld mobile devices. The main functionality of this virtual assistant like Cortana, Siri, and Google Now is to help the users of the device to have a single point entry by using the voice input accomplish different tasks using the applications (such as searching, messaging etc.). Progress in the field of the AI (artificial intelligence), natural language processing and neural networks made it easier for the smart phone users to easily accomplish different types of tasks only via providing the voice instructions. As mentioned by Webster et al. (2014), this type of software agents/application are the able to answer users questions, provide recommendations for some specific tasks. In addition to that, these agents are also capable of performing actions as the response to the users voice request while interpreting the request using the natural language processing. All the virtual assents are mainly are mainly developed using the principles of natural language processing. This virtual assistant or the software programs utilize algorithms in order to take in to consideration the specific components from the sentence provided as input to the assistant and then matches with the most suitable output for the users query or request (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). This agent always collects contextual information about its user in order to manage and plan tasks for the user. The virtual assistants mainly uses the semantic web technologies as well as different open data which are available on the Internet. On the other hand, the contextual information about the user are the calendar, location, time, appointments with others individuals, relations among different tasks as well as decomposition between them, history of tasks, user-specific interests for different tasks. Mobile virtual assistants The mobile virtual assistants are helpful for different types of users as they can accomplish different types of tasks. These virtual assistants are becoming more popular because of its simplicity and extensive variety of capabilities (Webster et al., 2014). It could be useful for those that need do things in an easier and speedier way with a single interface. The users who find it harder to type or search on the tiny small smart phone consoles or touchpads. It can likewise be utilized to help the aged individuals and youngsters to utilize the virtual assistant by saying the commands and getting the desired outcome as opposed to propelling between the different applications or going over all through contacts list down to find a particular name when need to make a call. Since the application can work disconnected (without the internet connectivity) Emergence of Mobile virtual assistants The mobile virtual assistants are developed in order to simplify the life of the users by reducing the effort which is needed to complete routine tasks such as placing a call, texting something to someone etc. (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). In addition to that, retrieving data real time data about the weather, traffic movement on the streets, news/other data, remotely controlling smart home devices, requesting product purchases from online store, communication with other applications (for instance, the capacity to book an cab from a cab booking application and interacting another applications.) Technology and concept behind its functionality Every virtual assistant that are used by the smart phone users is mainly using the artificial intelligence to parse the user's instruction that user had said or typed on the console after that it returns the useful information against the users query (Webster et al., 2014). For this AI component the main objective is speech recognition of the user of the device. This type of user related data are very helpful in determining the user behavior of any specific user with higher accuracy level (this includes travels of the user, habits, search or different topic preferences of the user). Even though this is considered as one of the great aspects that helps the service providers such as google and Apple to be able to return impressively useful results for the user depending on their habits and preferences (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). This is also achieved without sniffing into the users email and dipping into the users search history on the devices. Thorough voice-search history of the us ers also permits the organizations to learn the users vocal idiosyncrasies, so that the virtual assistants understand the spoken requests of the users better in the future events. Components used For the mobile virtual assistants, there are mainly three components are used. These are voice recognition, text to speech conversion and natural language processing engine (Webster et al., 2014). For this virtual agents, there are no pre-defined formats in order to request theses agents to do something (complete a task) or answer a users question. Device to get input: smart phones or the Echo Dot or other relevant devices gives a speech-based user interface to the users. Through this interfaces, the user issues voices based commands or makes inquiries, and the device responds to the query in speech (Chung et al., 2017). The devices and the interfaces are always ready for listening user commands, and just when it recognizes the keyword such as Alexa or Ok Google from its user, it transmits the audio file to the respective cloud services for processing. Cloud services to send and receive the user data: The respective cloud services get the audio file from the devices and process the command using the speech recognition technique and mapping voice commands to different actions and information customized for the user. Given the decided aim, the cloud services appoint the third party skilled server, worked by either Google /Amazon for worked in aptitudes or by an outsider for outsider application abilities. Figure 1: processing of user commands by Virtual mobile assistants (Source: Created by Author using Visio) Skill servers for processing of the user input/feature extraction: The skill servers are basically responsible for completing tasks the Google/Alexa servers may perform for a users command, for example, checking the weather condition or requesting a pizza from the store. Some of the basic tasks are offered and completed by Google/Amazon servers and come as inherent usefulness for all the users, and these are taken care of by their own servers. The general arrangement of components Voice recognition: Voice recognition is clearly the simplest and trivial stage of this whole process. When a user gives the virtual agents a command, the device gathers the users analog voice signal, changes it into a sound/audio file (converted into binary code for faster interpretations) and sends it to the processing backend servers (Chung et al., 2017). The subtleties of the users voice, the noises with the command and the neighborhood articulations make hard to interpret it in a correct way. It is called Human User Interface versus the standard Graphical User Interface we are utilized to. It is vital here that, consistently, google and apple gathers a large number of user queries of individuals talking distinctive languages, in various accents from different corners of the world. At the end of the day with their activities and errors in voice commands, individual users contribute to the improvement of the different virtual agents developed by the different organization to provid e ease of use to their users. Mobile virtual assistants today gets about a billion queries for every week, and the backend processing are able to respond to the queries with only a 5 percent mistake rate (Nguyen Sidorova, 2017). As of late, Apple, google and Microsoft are still working on the used algorithms and AIs for improving their performance and user experience. Most of the mobile virtual assistants follow a similar architecture in order to interact with the user and complete different tasks. Literature Review As mentioned in their research paper to determine a model that will help in measuring the quality of the user experience and usability of the mobile virtual personal assistants, the user experience needs to be the most important component in the design and development of virtual mobile assistants. The researchers explored that, visual interaction with the virtual assistants is another component that must be considered as the important segments to the Virtual mobile assistants that is not present in the virtual assistants when contrasted with a human assistant. It is a question worth inquiring as to whether we ought to try and investigate the visual viewpoint keeping in mind the end goal to enhance the quality of interaction with the virtual assistants (Webster et al., 2014). In any case, there are a few different segments of the existing virtual mobile assistants that are known to be the confinement. Initially, building up an ideal tone and pitch to convey that coveted effect of the voice is also important. Furthermore, the precise identification of commands given in different languages and accents restrains the reliance and use of a virtual mobile assistant. In addition to that, the researchers McTear, Callejas and Griol (2016), opined that in any assessment of a mobile virtual assistant framework it is important to critically ensure the user satisfaction while they interact with the assistants (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). Multimodal interfaces consolidate visual and sound-related signals to advance the interactions. However, they raise new difficulties concerning the ease of use and adequacy of such interfaces. From the results of the Project FASiL or Flexible and Adaptive Spoken Language and Multimodal Interfaces project , a virtual assistant framework was created to comprehend which factors influence the client encounter and the acknowledgment of multimodal administrations. Results demonstrate that a conversational and multimodal approach was extremely all around acknowledged and upheld by the users (Chung et al., 2017). Moreover, the quality and speed of the framework criticism and in addition the acknowledgment precision of the talked parts are key components to a better user interaction. As per the investigation of the researchers found that the level of user satisfaction depends on the extent of interactivity, sense of presence of the virtual assistant, degree of reliability, degree of dependency, extent of focused attention , easiness of use, extent of satisfaction and the extent of users expectation being met (Webster et al., 2014). The VPA is relied upon to help and improve the accompanying highlights: Informing the user: Mobile experts can oversee voice message, email and faxes utilizing their VPA from the street. Managing Contact: Scheduling, arranging, aggregate date-book, contact and referral association, all can be dealt and using the virtual mobile assistant. Call Control: The virtual assistants empowers remote users to perform gathering calling and call administration. Warning and sending highlights enable remote clients to be told instantly when they get particular phone messages, messages, faxes, or pages (Nguyen Sidorova, 2017). Web Applications: The virtual mobile assistants enables the users to get to and connect with the web to offer assistance them source data going from climate, headings and calendars, to stock execution, aggressive information and news. All are utilizing basic, conversational voice orders. Security and privacy issues Issue 1 In most of the cases, the virtual assistant sends the users queries or requests to the main server to parse and process the command or the request. After processing the request the suitable response to the query is send back to the users device. When the user's request are sent to the main server for the processing, it is sent with unique device ID so that the response to the query. Even though the user queries that are combined with distinctive device IDs that are not connected to any of the specific users but Apple provisions this user requests to the Siri with the corresponding device IDs at least for six months (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). In addition to that, after six months when the IDs are deleted they keep the audio clip of the users request for additional 18 months. Thus in case the main server or the IT infrastructure of the company. Issue 2 In Most of the cases, it is found that the mobile virtual assistants respond to the indirect speech of the user. These assistants execute commands/orders conveyed by means of a voice message, voice recording. In addition, the assistants can execute the same command more than once, regardless of the possibility that those commands are delivered from the same digital sound file (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). This happens as the assistant is not able to distinguish between a recorded voice and natural voice of a user. In addition to that, these assistants are additionally ready and area able to execute the commands that goes through obstructions. Issue 3 The virtual mobile assistants are also vulnerable to the different hacking attacks which in turn help the hacker to take control of the Users Amazon Echo. After getting control over the Echo, they can convert it into a personal Eavesdropping microphone to spy on a user. In addition to that, it is also found that the virtual assistants like the Googles Assistant and Apple's Siri are also can be hijacked by using the inaudible sounds ( sounds that are not audible to the human due to their too high frequency; more than 20,000Hz ). Researchers from Zhejiang University were able to hack and get the control over Siri the virtual assistant used for the MacBooks and iPhones, Cortana that is used for windows PC, Bixby of Samsung phones and Amazon Echo speakers (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). Even though the exploitation of the vulnerabilities of this mobile assistants requires attackers high level knowledge of embedded systems as well as Linux operating, but after gaining the control over this tools Issue 4 Again the virtual mobile assistants are not able to differentiate the users from their voice. Therefore, it is possible for the other users to order or command anything through this virtual assistant. As a result, the unauthorized and unauthenticated users can order and provide different commands to the users. Early in this year, a TV channel of California Channel CW-6 was reporting a childrens order of doll house and some cookies, eventually the other Alexa of the devices of at the viewers homes also collected the anchors command as the command from its users and ordered dollhouses and resulted in huge amount of orders for the dollhouse. Reasons behind its popularity Following are the reasons behind the success of these virtual mobile assistants, Least amount of effort required for the user to complete a task: The main objective of these virtual mobile assistants are to make the life of the user easier. A key prerequisite is that the administration does not take much time from the user (Webster et al., 2014). Use of the virtual assistants helps the user to not to be loaded with programming contents of any sort nor with acquiring any sort of specialized learning about the framework to use the virtual assistants. Keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish this usefulness the framework ought to learn autonomously from the user input. Supervision by the users: In the use of the virtual assistants one of the most important features is that the user holds control over the behavior of the virtual assistants. Adaptive: The framework adjusts rapidly to the changing inclinations of the users need. Benefits of Virtual mobile assistant A mobile virtual assistant is considered as a mix of natural language processing with the artificial intelligence. With the above mentioned two tools, it is feasible for the virtual assistants to be able to process an expansive volumes of information and to answer or solve the user queries with a more than 90 percent precision rate. In other words, a mobile virtual assistant is a customized, computerized digital character, which gives data and assistance in completing tasks to their users (Chung et al., 2017). This aide underpins clients' inquiries on themes, for example, organization points of interest including money related and financial specialist related subtle elements, item portfolios, and innovation related data. They give better client engagement when contrasted with client officials. These virtual assistants made the life of the people easier as they can send an instant message or email utilizing voice orders to their assistants, check their timetable or routine for a given day, use different applications installed in their devices, and turn different settings off and on as per their needs (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). Started with the Siri, in the year 2011 now there are various assistants are available for the users for different platforms (such as Google assistant for android devices, Bixby for the Samsung devices etc.) Limitations Most of the virtual assistants need the continuous and uninterrupted internet connections as the commands of the users are sent over to the servers at the apple headquarters in order to process the command so that the virtual assistant can respond with the appropriate response to the user (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). If the user does not have a stable internet connection, then Siri or other virtual assistants would not be able to respond to the user request. Issues impacting its future There are different types of attack that are able to intercept the data pockets between the mobile assistant and other services. These intercepted data packets can be then analyzed in order to recover sensitive data sent over the transmission medium (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). In worst case scenario the listeners or the hackers may tray and able to recover personal any individuals personal details, economic payment information for the purchases by the users from transmitted data packets. Possible feature of this technology With all the above mentioned limitations and issues with the mobile virtual assistants, with this trend of research and development in the field of the virtual assistants, it is possible that the mobile virtual assistants in the future will continually prompt the users to provide suggestions for a specific tasks and taking command/instructions from the users of the device. In this course of action, the virtual mobile assistant will know more about their users than perhaps they do about themselves by analyzing the different aspects (Webster et al., 2014). Thus the future of the mobile virtual assistants would not be separate and distinct. On the contrary they will be embodied and unified as one entity. With ongoing development in the field of the speech recognition and natural language processing will help in the better understanding of the users command to the assistants. This improvements will help the virtual assistants to improve their adaptive learning process. According to the USA based media and analytics company comScore, there will be 200 billion searches by the year 2020, of which 50 billion searches will be done through the voice based searches. In the future, there will be a more noteworthy requirement for different online platforms to collect or harness user information, caught at various points, for example, following client activities at different times, product or other preferences, and so on (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). Information could be utilized over the different times and user activities for the learning process of the AI and take preventive measures to avoid the unwanted errors while executing the user commands. For instance, the AI behind the virtual assistant could use these data in different user product purchases where the analysis of the user data will make the process of purchasing a product easier by sorting the products on the on line stores as per the preferences of the users as collected and analyzed from the d ata (Bellegarda, 2014). The mobile virtual assistants could likewise be utilized as a part of other capacities, for example, in users different decision making, where the mobile virtual assistants could give mechanized answers to the other recipients which would help in the reducing the expenses and improve responsiveness of the virtual assistant . Contextually it can be said that presently there are development in the field of the augmented reality based mobile virtual assistant that will be capable of answering the queries and complete other related tasks asked by the user of it. In the development of the virtual assistants that acts in the augmented reality for the user, an intuitive and unobtrusive multimodal interface for the users. The users of the device will provide voice command to the assistant (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). Using voice recognition process, the feature extraction is done from the given command. In the response process the, text to speech process is utilized in order to provide the response to their users. The virtual assistant selects the objects in the real environment of the user by using the gaze based approach while determining the location of the user by using the GPS feature of the device. Viewing direction of the assistant is determined by the orientation sensor of the device. Conclusion One of the best features of the mobile virtual assistants are, these assistants are able to learn and adapt to the different situations without any human supervision. These enable the users of the devices of smart phones and tablets, to speak the natural language as the voice commands for operating the applications and other services. This also helps in order to operate the mobile device and its different applications to complete different tasks. Device users can speak commands and can have audible confirmation responses from the agent in order to send messages, set reminders, call someone, operate music and video applications on the phone, tablets. References Bellegarda, J. R. (2014). Spoken language understanding for natural interaction: The siri experience. InNatural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones(pp. 3-14). Springer, New York, NY. Canbek, N. G., Mutlu, M. E. (2016). On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with intelligent personal assistants.Journal of Human Sciences,13(1), 592-601. Causey III, J. D., Purvis, R. E., Henke, J. L. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,579,813. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 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