Cyber Terrorism

terrorism is a tough terminology to define. Many schools of thought exist around it, who takes a look upon it with varying perceptions according to their ethnicity, education, cultural groom and personal preferences. Terrorism may take a excogitate of religious duty at one place, a form of revenge at a nonher, a tactical or strategic arm or threat, a justified form of resistance to oppression or a coercive power for build up forces conclusively whatever shape it takes, it causes effect, may it be on kind or nature.Moving along the mutationary change brought ab issue since the last hundred is mainly because of education. Robin Morgan, famous feminist activist, writer and poet, summed it up by decl being Information is power. The secreting or hoarding of knowledge or teaching may be an act of tyranny camouflaged as humility. regrettably or not, this human beings is being completely obsessed in the vanquish c exclusivelyed entropy warf atomic number 18. Its not the time an ymore when military would be a sign of arrogance and symbol of pride and power of a nation instantly military is the last resort to take all over any territory.This new form of warf ar is an offensive onslaught or a defensive mechanism, adopted in order to deny, performance, corrupt or destroy rivals discipline ground systems, like computer ne devilrks and Information systems (G r beberg, Director IASIW). In fairst words, its a discipline that has originated a smarter way to tackle ones adversary. move unitedly the Information warfargon with terrorism, the greatest fears of twentieth century are combined together as Cyber terrorism (Patrick, 2002) IMPORTANT CONCEPTSCyber Terrorism The pronounce Cyber Terrorism is one of the most ambiguously define term, or should we say that information warfare has propagated the definition of Cyber-terrorism in order to let out or disrupt the main cause of Terrorism. Major discussion nowadays is regarding the scope of cyber-terrorism, as it is overlapping with cyber-crime, cracking and terrorism (Baranetsky, 2009). Major secernment between these crimes is on the basis of motivation, methods, targets and the pursuit of computer system.Technic accessory, cyber terrorism and information warfare are the same things, but theres a practical difference. Cyber terrorism is originated by politically motivated groups, disrupted individuals, or cyber cracking facilitators against information, computer systems and networks, in order to target nonviolent portions in society whereas, Information warfare is originated by national defences against information, computer systems and networks in order to aggravate the enemy losses (Colarik & Janczewski, 2005). Ideological ExtremismAn new(prenominal) profound and old notion of human history is extremism. It is usually associated with religion, ideological and political practices of sight which are not in accordance with generally accepted norms of a religion, society or a polit ical setup. Its not something that could be easily defined in words, but when one sees it, it is recognized (Sotlar, 2004). Recently, the constituent of terrorism has taken its roots in those extremist mass, and they gestate unquestionable the ideology against forces, that are held together to weightlift the rising terrorism in the globe. more or less known of these extremists are people of Al-Qaeda who, so called on the label of Islam, are spreading their ideological extremism, not only through re practises warfare, but also electronic and information warfare. Cyber terrorism and Ideological Extremism talking about the national security, the two major(ip) concerns of e genuinely nation like a shot are terrorism and ideological extremism. Both are the writers of violence, may it be political or ethnical in nature (Gunaratna, 2008). Major source of both these concern today is Al-Qaeda.Originated by Osama Bin Laden, loss leader of Al-Qaeda, today they are the source of terror ism all over the world. With recent transubstantiation from an operational to ideological organization, today the pose the greatest threat not only to non-Muslims, but to Muslims and Islam as well. Now the idea arsehole this replacement is to dismantle the social structures and religious beliefs into ideological extremism such that people of Asia, Africa and shopping centre East stand and operate for them on the crusade line. In simple words, theyre brain-washing and making terrorists.STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Recent developments from this Jihadi movement occupy come in the form of extremist articles on the websites. Through mixed websites, they are hint targeted people into expressing their views about articulated beliefs that are intentional to brain-wash the mind of those people. Other recent propaganda of extremist views encompasses political repression, racial discrimination, ethnical conspiracies, religious cults, Jihadists movements and religious fallacies. Certainly or n ot, is ideological extremism open terrorism? are these terrorists making use of meshing to indulge people into morally, ethically and socially wrong activities that are endangering all their surroundings? Certainly we need to find how cyber terrorists are expanding their spectrum of operations and are including those vulnerable people as the condition stick to next bomb to be exploded anywhere in the world. LITERATURE REVIEW As we stepped into the twentieth century, we were welcomed by some uprising, cockeyed challenges that have so far consumed most portion of the worlds economy. Terrorism was one of them.With terrorism finding its roots in umpteen contrary countries, terrorists have diversified their operational methodology. Now at the seem end, they are chip by using one of us. The new revolution of Ideological Extremism, especially in the name of Islam, is taking its roots into the youngsters. not surprisingly, those terrorists have exploited the simple connection of whol e world, internet. Apart from the major role of U. S led war on terrorism, two other important fundamentalists are United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Anti-terrorism constitution of Saudi Arabia is mostly termed as soft forecloseterrorism.But over the period of time, it has been turn out successful (Hegghammer, 2010). They have reacted calmly to the situation, and by using their local preachers, they have successfully tackled those terrorist militants (Hegghammer, 2010) who were there with the intent of disrupt the government structure of proud family, who had supported U. S. in its war against terrorism (Miller, 2003). They didnt only counter those ideological extremists but also started a rehabilitation program in order to neutralize their extreme beliefs with reality and norms of Saudi culture (Boucek, 2008).They are also concerned about the uprising ideological extremism in the untaught (Saleh, 2006). They reinstated their unwavering stance against terrorism, a nd they withheld their stance against any part involved in terrorism (Source Arab News 2010). U. S. , which was previously accusing Saudi Arabia to be an ally of Al-Qaeda (Sperry, 2002), commended the efforts of Saudi Arabia in controlling those terrorist activities, and rehabilitation of detained militants (Source Saudi Embassy, 2009 2010).UK has light laws for terrorism, and are actively involved in reviewing and improving them, as per the real terrorist threats (Source Foreign and Commonwealth Office). Following the incident of 9/11, UK adopted policies to slander the developing security threats from terrorists (Browning, 2005). They experienced their major setback in the month of July, 2005, when in London bombings, more than fifty travellers were killed, leaving 700 injured. To the surprise of British, the leader of those terrorist attacks was British born Muslim (Talbot, 2006).Since then, Islamism is considered a threat in UK, may it be in any of its form (Readings, 2010) . The widespread of this ideological extremism is very much attributed to the up-rising cyber terrorism, and use of internet to propagate local people about their home countries, brainwashing them, and making them fight for terrorists (Gunaratna, 2008). RESEARCH IMPORTANCE immenseness of internet today is more of a necessity than a luxury. It outweighs ever-living opportunities to all the people around the globe to retrieve or serving anything they want to.Freedom of speech and lack of centrally aligned governing form has exposed the contents of internet to boundless criticism from different sects in the world. But in this up-rising assault of information warfare, cyber-terrorism and ideological extremism, its the time for the authorities to sit back and define the limitations of this free source. in advance legitimatizing the use of internet, it would be important to keep in mind the reasons fanny following. Spectrum of cyber-terrorism what exactly comes in it? Need of regu lating the flow of information on internet Why ideological extremism exists? What are the factors leading to unimpeachable people ending up terrorist? What lacks in the social structure that is prompting such activities? How the use of internet is provoking extremism in up-coming generation Who are propagating the information to provoke such behavior Are we ready to fight this front of terrorism Is there any social remedial for a terrorist? With this explore, we are aiming to find out the reasons behind all these above mentioned issues. Terrorists are humans, but they have opted the wrong way. Are they smarter than us?There is a big question mark on the upcoming days, as worldwideistic security continues to be threatened by extremists. CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS THE KNOWLEDGE This research is expected to bring forward key reasons behind the amalgamation of two concepts, cyber-terrorism and ideological extremism, to bring forward a new front in the war against terrorism. Through this research, we aim to transform the ideology behind use of internet to spread extremism gain policies adopted majorly by, Muslim world leader, Saudi Arabia and, the economic giant, United Kingdom to secure their several(prenominal) people. stag threats that are present to the respective monarchies. Facilitate the policy makers with succinct information to start with. Explore different fronts that these extremists target to exploit youth detect out the weakness in our social systems that allows these ideologies to be successful refer the spectrum of sources in which cyber terrorism exists. Find the roots of ideological extremism and its effects on current monarchy RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This research exit be divide into two parts, as per the two portions of research question.To take views on whether ideological extremism is terrorism or not, cyber-terrorism to be specific, we will depone on qualitative measures of research. On the other hand, to find the extent to w hich terrorists are making use of information warfare to spread ideological extremism, we will use quantitative measures of research. Qualitative Research Through this research, we wish to Understand views of respondents about the issue Solicit their approach in reaching their well-thought-of viewpoints. Explore the difference in opinion that exists in policy makers enumerate the possible impact of their thoughts over the people.Quantitative Research Through this approach, we wish to Understand the perception of youngsters about this issue Discriminate respondents on the basis of their ethnicity and racism to understand involvement of any pattern among people of similar sects. chance our results and statistically analyze how many of them could possibly be a dupe of those terrorists in near future. Sample For Qualitative research, we aim to take inputs from different critics, terrorism analysts, cyber-crime writers, internet regulatory bodies, extremist group leaders, journa lists, and writers on extremism.These people will be selected on the basis of relevance, work in the respective fields, availability and quality of work. For Quantitative research, we aim to survey young students canvas in different continents of the world. As all of them will be prevalent user of internet, we also aim to distinguish them on the basis of their involvement in internet, and their socio-ethnic mindset about ideological extremism. Variables Major variables in the research will be (measured as) Involvement in current affairs (Ratio home plate Weight assigned to each answer) Knowledge about the issue (Ratio descale Weight assigned to each answer) Understanding of issue (Ordinal Scale) Involvement with the internet (Ordinal Scale) Awareness about possible implications of issue (Ordinal Scale) Views about the issue (Nominal Scale) supervise All these results will be checked for reliability, validity and practicality, as per the methods defined by the monitoring/sc rutinizing body. These checks will ensure the consistency of responses, and the validity of entropy will be checked based upon two optimum limits provided by the monitoring body.PILOT STUDY In order to conduct a aviate tuition on the above mentioned topic, the literature selected, for secondary research, as a source of Qualitative research is linked in the appendix A. determination of this study is to understand the perspective of officials of Saudi Government regarding terrorism and ideological extremism. This study was analytical, as qualitative measures were expected out of this study. Description The text file comprises of official statements by Saudi government and religious representatives.Their statements usually turn out around the issues of terrorism, war against terrorism, extremism and the teachings of Islam, combating extremist ideology, role of mosque as an institution, condemning immoral, wrong acts and supporting moderation. They withheld their solid stance aga inst terrorism, and declared any one fighting against the custodians of Holy Kaaba as non-Muslim. They also instigate their support to find out and tackle the roots of terrorism and extremism. Their stance on condemning extremism, violence and any form of terrorism is mitigating with the learning of Islam.Their religious scholars emphasized on the need of omitting deviant ideologies that have been developed between Muslims, and join together united as one creed, as a Muslim. They also highlighted that the reasons of deviant ideologies are lack of knowledge about the religion, and prejudiced in Fatwa. Most of their statements emphasized upon the basic theme of Islam, peace. They extended full support to international community in the war against terrorism. Outcomes of the study Learning from the pilot study reveals Saudi government takes terrorism as a threat to its nation, its territory, its religion, all Muslim Ummah, and non-Muslims. They are the custodians of Holy places of Musl ims. They take it as their duty to harbour the religion that was gifted to them by their Holy Prophet. All of the officials agree upon the solid stance they have against terrorism. They want to unite Muslims in order to nurture the religion which has been badly reputed by ideological extremists. Their views are diverged towards the central closing of achieving a peaceful state. They are being the voice of nation, and they stand to serve their people justly, with their lives and properties secured.