Waste Management In The Construction Industry Construction Essay

Waste Management In The crook Industry social system EssayManagement for the consentaneous permissive swash is one of the important move of Environmental Engineering or Management in Construction Industry. As the structure industry worldwide is a conspicuous consumer of raw corporals of galore(postnominal) types and it does not have an enviable record in its attitude to managing the risky, it produced some(prenominal) during look and as a result of the destruction of creates. Although there ar some demolition materials were recycled, such(prenominal) as doors and windows, or bricks, these components atomic number 18 express that most of the verbalism negate has long been indiscriminately loaded into containers and interpreted to landfill with no attempt to salvage anything that might be of do. However, landfill is not a suitable long-term to handle the solid edifice drift, as depleting the worlds inherent resources, our pollution may be irreparably damaging its natural eco-system.The hold of solid yearn management is underpinned by a hierarchy of waste control measures (Peng et al., 1997). This hierarchy, shown in Figure , means control measures be pet to recycling rather than disposal the waste by incineration or land-filling. recycle of solid waste means re- apply the waste after that waste is re- surgical processed. Therefore, the measuring stick of solid waste of construction industry bum be decrease by recycling.To recycle the solid waste, the building materials and components is needed to be re-examined their animation cycle by life cycle assessment, that is the framework within which a material or product is examined finished its entire from raw material extraction, manufacture, construction, use, sustentation and disposal. As a result, the solid wastes were used to be handled in one direction that is using for landfill, but now some of the solid wastes heap be used for another construction works, so that the waste place be reduced. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the goal, totally participants in the construction process are needed to make the integrated effort. If mortal is going to demolition a building and want to recycle the construction waste, there should be another construction project that is going to use the recycled material. Effective waste management therefore requires a collaborative effort through the construction supply chain in which the client, inventioner, materials manufacturers and suppliers, construction and demolition contractors and waste disposal contractors all have an important role to play. mod designAs it is mentioned above that designer is one of the parties that need to help oneself a construction project become more environments. To reduce construction waste, innovations in the design of buildings can provide a greater tractability and permit refurbishment and fit-out as when needed to do so. Buildings can withal be designed to facilitate de-construction. As it is the preferred method of demolition, the materials used can choose as some re-use materials.Also, innovative design can have a significant impact on material wastage. For causa, the cap of the Sydney Olympic Main Arana Grandstand was designed in such a way that it requited 22% less steel.Material SupplyTo minimize promoting waste during construction, suppliers of the material in like manner play an important role, as they can prune production by standardizing components and reducing incase. Also, they can participate with recycled content in the manufacture of products. Such as BHP, a leading Australian excavation and resources society, manufactures 100% recycled steel products in its Sydney mini-mill which uses up to 300 000 tonnes of scrap steel each year. A better waste management can also be promoted by innovative supply arrangements. From some adopting practices like taking-back unnecessary or recyclable materials (Environment Australia, 2000), it is reported that some producers of construction materials now are starting to take responsibility for the whole life cycle of their products. An example is showing that Interface Australia Pty Ltd has refocused its supply arrangements to achieve less wasteful practices. The company of supplying modular carpet tiles has adopted a system through which customers lease rather than buy the carpet. Customers pay a monthly fee, which includes warranty, design, manufacture, installation, maintenance and final reclamation of the product, for the value and use of the carpet supplied.ConstructionConstruction Contractor can also reduce solid waste during construction, as their works may include waste management plans, severe identify management and organization. Accurate estimating and ordering with nil allowance for waste reduces the flashiness of waste, the cost of materials and the cost of waste disposal. On the construction site, it should be intelligibly separated and labeled the wastes which can recy cle and cannot recycle. It is reported that through its waste minimization measures, Fletcher Construction reduced waste disposal costs by 55% and increased profits compared to another project, of very similar design and construction, in which waste minimization measures were not implemented (McDonald, 1996).In the construction industry, in the large proportion of the work is sub-contracted, ensuring supplier and sub-contractor compliance with waste management plans is crucial. On the Stadium Australia project, 7000 fire doors were delivered direct from the factory without package and sub-contracts required compliance with project waste management plans and specified that packaging materials had to be returned to the original suppliers (Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2000).DemolitionThe demolition process generates the greatest volumes of waste in Construction Industry, so a in effect(p) planning can reduce waste very effectively. Deconstruction of the co mponents of a building should be done very carefully and taken by piece by piece since these materials can salvage and re-use. Salvage and re-use of building components requires a network through which materials and purchasers can be matched. There are reported to be very successful material/waste exchanges operating(a) in the United States, e.g., Mason Brothers in Vermont, who use a barter system to trade used items from buildings and are reportedly making a profit (Witten, 1992). Mason Brothers do not specialize in historic treasures but also supply low-end materials, such as US$10 doors and chipped bathtubs. Another successful broker of salvaged items is Urban Ore in Berkeley, California. The company operates a 2.2 acre (0.89 ha) warehouse, employs 16 people and reported expected gross sales of US$1,000,000 in 1992 (Hazen and Sawyer PC, 1993). At present, such exchanges are in their early childhood in Australia although some government agencies have created exchange web sites. However, in some situation that salvage and re-use are not possible, due for authority to the use of composite materials, demolition waste can still be recycled. For example, during the demolition of the Balmain Power Station in Sydney, around 18 000 tonnes of concrete and brick and 2000 tonnes of steel were recycled (Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2000).Waste disposalIn the waste management process, additional to the provision and emptying of skips, waste disposal contractors can also assist in through offering services. For a good practice illustrate, technological barriers to the management of solid construction waste are being overcome.Construction waste has a high potential for retrieval and re-use (Cosper et al., 1993 Schlauder and Brickner, 1993) and recycling options for solid construction waste are also increase (Merry, 1990 von Stein and Savage, 1994).However, the extent to which recycling, re-use and reduction of solid construction waste can be achieved depends on motivational and attitudinal influences on the behaviour of participants at all levels of the construction process, from site operatives, to clients, managers, foremen, suppliers and designers pressures to complete work quickly, for example, might lead a tradesman to cut components from new material rather than spending clock locating suitable previously cut pieces (Federle, 1993).In the construction industry, Skoyles and Skoyles (I 987) were the number 1 to recognize that the problem of material wastage was more dependent upon the attitudes and behavioural tendencies of individuals winding in the construction process than upon the technical processes it employed. Since then other studies by Heino (1994), Soibelman et al. (1994), Guthrie and Mallett (1995), Lingard et al. (2000) and Teo (2000) have reinforced this view. Due to time and cost constraints, poor leaders and a lack of experience in dealing with environmental issues, their findings apprise that neg ative attitudes towards waste management prevail on construction projects. to the construction industry of making itself more sustainable, it would seem that the challenge is more unplumbed than merely creating policies and systems to monitor work-practices. Rather, the problem is cultural and lies in changing peoples attitudes to issues such as waste management.