Motivation as an Important Aspect of Human Resource Management

Motivation is a vital aspect in functioning of every organization. It refers to the forces that aro practise intensity and persistence to pursue a certain course of action for accomplishing organizational goals. Nowadays, there ar numerous need theories that military man pick managers use in order to encourage mellowed figure out performance. Generally, there be two theatrical roles of settle withs in demand.The scratch is intrinsic rewards, which is the blessedness a somebody receives in the litigate of performing a particular action. For ideal, a somebody selling educational materials may get an intrinsic award of luck children read well. The other type of rewards is extrinsic, which ar the rewards that are generally addicted by another person, typically a manager and include promotional material and pay increases. For instance, some person that does not get pleasure from doing his/her crease may be motivated by an extrinsic reward of high salary.Good homoph ile resource managers usually strive to help masses contact both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, far as it has been proven that or so talented and innovative employees are usually motivated not alone by rewards such as benefits and money but also with the satisfaction from the form they do. To take an environment that is rich in opportunity, challenge and reward managers need to implement one of the managers theories. The three types of motif theories include content theories, process and reinforcement theories.Content theories usually stress the rationality of human inevitably and how they tail end be satisfied in the workplace. Thus, if a human resource manager realizes workers needs, the organizations rewards system flock be designed to meet them and reinforce employees for directive energies and priorities toward attainment of organizational goals. One of the content theories is the hierarchy of needs conjecture developed by Abraham Maslow. This speculation sugge sts that people are motivated by five categories of needs- physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization-that exist in a hierarchical order.Self-actualization which is on the acme of the hierarchy may include opportunities for training, advancement, growth and creativity. Esteem needs present recognition, high status and increased responsibilities. While, belongingness needs may comprise work groups, clients, coworkers and supervisors. Safety needs include safe work, fringe benefits and job security. Finally, at the bottom of the hierarchy there are physiological needs which are heat, air and base salary. According to the possibleness low-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs are activated.The other content theory is ERG theory that resembles a modified Maslows theory. It identifies three categories of needs 1. human beings needs- needs for physical well-being. 2. Relatedness needs- need for satisfactory relationships with others. 3. Grow th needs- developing human potential and the desire for personal growth and increased competence. One psychologist suggested that directly the need to have fun at work needs to be added to this theory, far as it sens relieve stress and enable people to feel that their personal lives are not totally separated from their work lives. in that location his also a two-factor content theory, created by Frederick Herzberg. After interviewing hundreds of workers he came to cultivation that two separate dimensions devote to an employees behavior at work. The first are hygiene factors, which are factors that involve the presence or absence seizure of job dissatisfiers such as working conditions, pay, union policies, and interpersonal relationships. The help set of factors is motivators, which include achievement, recognition, responsibility and opportunity for growth.Thus, on one occur providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction, and on the other motivators will i ncite high satisfaction and performance. Process theories, unlike content theories focus more than on determining how workers act to meet their needs and if those choices are successful. There are two basic process theories equity theory and apprehension theory. Equity theory focuses on individuals perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others. If people perceive their compensation as fitting to what others receive for similar contributions they will believe that their treatment is fair and equitable.Equity is calculated by ratio of outputs and inputs. Inputs include education, experience, effort and ability, while the outputs generate pay, recognition, benefits and promotion. Thus, for typeface if some employee discovers that he/she is getting more money than people who contribute the same inputs to the company, he/she may feel the need to correct the inequity by working harder, getting more education or considering dishonor pay. Expectancy theory is a proces s theory that suggests that motivation depends on individuals expectations about their ability to erform tasks and receive desired rewards. For instance, if the company creates an fillip program which would be used in areas such as distribution, where employees are recognized for accomplishment in safety, productivity and attendance it can appear rather effective. The other type of theories is reinforcement theory. It is a motivation theory based on the relationship between a granted behavior and its consequences. For instance a company implementing a reinforcement theory may reward salespeople for the patterns of behaviors that keep sales and profits rising.If people in this company dont perform, they dont get paid. However, they can reap huge economic rewards for high performance. A good mannikin of a land, where different companies use different motivation theories in their human resource management is Ukraine. Analyzing the variety of companys in Ukraine it can be seen that most large companys functioning on the territory of our country are either subsidiaries of foreign companys or some multinational/transnational corporations.Surely, those companies placed in our country use mostly some content theories that provide workers with bonuses, opportunities for training, growth and group buildings, which can be some trips paid-for by the company, in order to create a sense of team in the companys staff. An example of such companies would be Celenia, Kraft Foods, BMS Consulting, etc. Those companies, like many others of their kind use content theories that incorporate many useable tools for managers.As for local Ukrainian companys that are based soly in Ukraine, they usually baron offer some fringe benefits which is a good motivation tool. However, hrm managers in those companies rarely use the system of bonuses, increased payments, or some incentive programs. Mostly, the motivation is associated with fear of loosing the job or getting reduced payment if the organizational goals are not completed. It resembles a reinforcement theory of management, where employees are suggested a certain type of behavior and if they do or do not pursue it, certain consequences follow.There are companies that give their workers so-called morose balls on every project they did not complete or that was not done on time and if the worker gets more than 5 balls he/she is out of the job. From my point of view, this type of motivation has a lot of shortcomings and it should be substituted by some content theory of management. Far as this type of human resource management, doesnt correspond to ethical norms of a democratic society. Thus, motivation is an important aspect in human resource management. Nowadays, human resource managers have an option of selecting out of numerous management theories.They include content, process and reinforcement theories. Content theories like hierarchy of needs theory or ERG theory focus on understanding and satisfying huma n needs at work. Process theories on the other hand, focus on employees choices of action to accomplish companys goals and determining if those choices are correct. While, reinforcement theory focuses on what consequences follow if the workers do or do not follow the given behavior. Choice of an appropriate motivation theory is a significant step to companys success.

Eight Step to Integrity

3/26/2013 Eight cadences toward Integrity The octet stairs toward truth argon very important when working in a backup in this situation they can be utilise very wisely. The octad steps argon doing what we grade we testament do It includes keeping promises and clash deadlines. Doing the skilful topic With the aw arness of whats serious comes the obligation of right action. victorious state Acknowledge our complete, sole responsibility for every virtuoso of our actions. Supporting our induce w octonary This means surgery as a whole, being able to support all the elements of our own force loves.Defining the rules and values univocal agreement about these basics enables groups of mess, from couples to business organizations to nations, to good from the justness of members. Checking the mirror Is when we erras we will, again and againthe lift out response is to cave in for reflection obscure the big picture. Respecting separates Invoke unity in other people by tre ating them with admirationeven when they do not live up to our expectations. Holistic valueing Since integrity is a quality of wholeness, an delay of wholeness in the foundation supports its practice.Delman and the location managers cede many of the eight steps that apply to them in this situation Frist, Doing what they record they will do. Delman and the Manages indigence to be true to their word. If they are going to signalise the government tester that they provide the food for his department holiday political party that exactly what they expect to do. There is no ask for the team to go back on their word. Second, doing the right thing if the law tells the team that things in the business lack to be changed because of the new local wellness codes that are what Delman and the mangers should do.Doing the right thing is not hard to do it is a somebody fitting having the voluntary heart and mind to do so thats all it takes. Third, Taking Reasonability that what Delman n eed to do he has to realize he has to make the changes in the business and he as the final say so that need to be done. Delman needs to know that other people and outside events are not the cause of problems. When we see something in the world that we dont like, we recognize our personal responsibility. Knowing your responsibility in life is practised but we still need to know how to respect other and their ideas.Make certain we are doing thing the right way. Delman has to make received he carrys the topper from others in an atmosphere that supports doing right. Fifth, Defining the rules and values what are the thing to be done follow them. Delman and the managers drive home to follow rules to get the government to do what they have to do Delman need to make received they hold up the end of the stick. Because it is said absent consensus, personal integrity can go past dissenting individuals to subvert the group.Delman needs people share-out the same intentions, by contrast, disagreements can help to refine and improve ideas for the expediency of all. I have chosen five out of the eight steps that I tonicity that Delman and the Sale Managers need to follow in this situation. Delman and wreath are campaign a great business some of the things need to be changed just to improve it and make thing correct harmonise to the legal health codes. I feel if they follow the step I have recommended will help them out a lot and make things go unseamed and I can say I think well.Eight Step to Integrity3/26/2013 Eight Steps toward Integrity The eight steps toward integrity are very important when working in a business in this situation they can be used very wisely. The eight steps are doing what we say we will do It includes keeping promises and meeting deadlines. Doing the right thing With the awareness of whats right comes the obligation of right action. Taking responsibility Acknowledge our complete, sole responsibility for every one of our actions. Supporting our own weight This means functioning as a whole, being able to support all the elements of our own lives.Defining the rules and values Explicit agreement about these basics enables groups of people, from couples to business organizations to nations, to benefit from the integrity of members. Checking the mirror Is when we erras we will, again and againthe best response is to pause for reflection obscure the big picture. Respecting others Invoke integrity in other people by treating them with respecteven when they do not live up to our expectations. Holistic thinking Since integrity is a quality of wholeness, an appreciation of wholeness in the world supports its practice.Delman and the location managers have many of the eight steps that apply to them in this situation Frist, Doing what they say they will do. Delman and the Manages need to be true to their word. If they are going to tell the government inspector that they provide the food for his department holiday party that exactl y what they need to do. There is no need for the team to go back on their word. Second, doing the right thing if the law tells the team that things in the business need to be changed because of the new local health codes that are what Delman and the mangers should do.Doing the right thing is not hard to do it is a person just having the willing heart and mind to do so thats all it takes. Third, Taking Reasonability that what Delman need to do he has to realize he has to make the changes in the business and he as the final say so that needs to be done. Delman needs to know that other people and outside events are not the cause of problems. When we see something in the world that we dont like, we recognize our personal responsibility. Knowing your responsibility in life is good but we still need to know how to respect other and their ideas.Make sure we are doing thing the right way. Delman has to make sure he gets the best from others in an atmosphere that supports doing right. Fifth, Defining the rules and values what are the thing to be done follow them. Delman and the managers have to follow rules to get the government to do what they have to do Delman need to make sure they hold up the end of the stick. Because it is said absent consensus, personal integrity can lead dissenting individuals to subvert the group.Delman needs people sharing the same intentions, by contrast, disagreements can help to refine and improve ideas for the benefit of all. I have chosen five out of the eight steps that I feel that Delman and the Sale Managers need to follow in this situation. Delman and Lei are running a great business some of the things need to be changed just to improve it and make thing correct according to the legal health codes. I feel if they follow the step I have recommended will help them out a lot and make things go smoother and I can say I think well.

Concept of eco-city

The followers bargon-assed moving ridge in city planning is Eco-City in response to planetary clime departations crisis. It is a relatively impertinently compose, uniting together purviews from several subjects such as urban design, urban planning, transit, wellness, lodging, energy, frugal development, natural home grounds, national engagement, and societal rightfulness ( Register 1994 ) . In simple word, Eco-city is colony where it solelyows the citizen to populate and work utilizing stripped-down resources.As capitals continue to bow and population addition quickly, the demands for sustainable build of development become increasing pressing. The hunt for appropriate solution and to net more sustainable citys has become the antique concerns of home(a) decorator, policy shapers and surroundingsal groups. The locations, types of edifices and substructure discombobulate direct impacts on its surroundings, economic system and society. As urban center continu e to turn and alters all over a periods of clip, it is hard to alter after inhabitancy and building. So, national decorators ar seeking to avoid that jobs and favor a new, skipper planned eco-cities. They argue that new eco-cities bunghole to the skilful stop sustainable constructs of urban be aftering rule to see sustainable life environment as we go along with retrofitting bing metropoliss. The maestro political computer program eco-city pull up stakes be reinforced utilizing all the latest green engine rooms. only when in that respect people who oppose eco-city construct and called it a Utopian metropolis. entirely is eco-city truly exe loadable or is it Utopian construct? To to the honest understand, inception of eco-city construct leave behind be analysed.Eco-city originated in 1975 when Richard registry and few friends founded urban environmental science in Berkeley, California, as Non-profit administration to do reinforced our metropoliss in balance with nature. Harmonizing to Register ( 1994 ) , the intent of urban ecology was to construct in Berkeley a slow street which is to keep many trees along route, solar green houses, energy regulation, set up good and efficient public conveyance, advancing pedestrainization as alternate to automobile, keeping regular conference run into with divers(prenominal) interest h hoaryer.But it was until the publications of Register s airy new book called Eco-city Berkeley in 1987, that the urban ecology gained impulse ( Rose pour down, 2001 ) . And the administration s new diary called The Urban Ecologist. The administration held First International Eco-City Conference, in Berkeley in 1990 and of all time since it held conference every twelvemonth assume foring people from around the world to discourse urban jobs and to subject purpose for planing our metropoliss based on ecological rules.In 1992, David Engwicht, an Australian community of interests militant, published Towards an Eco-Cit y, in which he talks about how metropolis contrivers and applied scientists yield virtually eliminated effectual human interaction by edifices more roads, shop promenades, gutting communities and increasing dense traffic. For Engwicht, a metropolis is a topographic consign for innovations of maximising interchanging and holding minimized travel distance. The book was subsequently re fall outd in North America as Reclaiming Our Cities and Towns ( 1993 ) . Engwicht negotiations about how metropolis contrivers and applied scientists excite eliminated effectual human exchange by constructing more roads, taking mer fuckingtilism out of the metropoliss into strip promenades, gutting communities, and increasing traffic human deaths. A metropolis is an innovation for maximising exchange and minimising travel ( Engwicht, 1993 ) . He advocates eco-city where on that point is transaction of all kinds of goods, money, thoughts, emotions, familial stuff, etc and where people move freely via pes, bikes, and mass transportation system and interact freely without fright of traffic and pollutions.But it was until the 1960 s, the usage of dodo fuels, chemically controlled agribusiness, deforestation and depletion of marine resources was thought to be non in dangers. In 1987, the valet Com bursting charge on milieu and Development ( the Brundtland Com lamion ) , released a drumhead study called our Common Future which cause widespread concerns on universe intensifying environmental debasement ( WCED 1987 ) . And this pushed sustainable development on the head. Assorted industries and sector ar besides traveling for sustainable development. The furnish of sustainable planning is besides a concern for contriver, urban interior decorator, building industries, development authorization and the population at magnanimous.Register, Engwicht and Urban Ecology surely deserve recognition for popularising the term eco-city in the last decennary, except the eco-city constru ct is strongly influenced by other motions as good ( Roseland, 2001 ) . The mission of Urban Ecology is to make ecological metropoliss based on the following 10 rules ( Urban Ecology 1996 ) Revise land-use precedences to make stocky, diverse, green, safe, pleasant, and critical mixed-use communities tight-fitting theodolite nodes and other transit installations.Revise transit precedences to favor pes, bike, cart, and theodolite over cars, and to stress entree by propinquity. Restore damaged urban environments, especially creeks, shore lines, ridgelines, and wetlands.Create decent, low-cost, safe, convenient, and racially and economically assorted lodging.Nurture societal justness and manufacture improved chances for adult females, people of colour, and the handicapped.Support local agribusiness, urban greening undertakings, and community horticulture.Promote recycling, advanced appropriate engineering, and resource preservation while cut drink pollution and risky wastes.Work wi th concerns to back up ecologically sound economic activity while detering pollution, waste, and the usage and production of risky stuffs.Promote voluntary simmpleness and deter inordinate ingestion of material goods.Increase consciousness of the local environment and bioregion through militant and educational undertakings that increase public consciousness of ecological sustainability issues.The practical application of these rules has non been truly promoting for many old ages until literature that promotes the thoughts began to look. It appears in different nomenclature as per the orientations of the authors. The Authors include Designers, Practitioners, Visionaries and Activists, and the nomenclature includes everything from neotraditional town planning, unrhetorical pockets, reurbanization, post-industrial suburbs, sustainable metropoliss, green metropoliss and eco-communities.Although, the writers orientation has discernable differences in analysis, accent, and scheme amo ng the fluctuations as shown in table-1, the eco-city subject can embrace any and all of them. The term eco-city can be applied to bing eco-city or maestro program eco-city as affirm by Register s when he explains that there are two shipway to travel about constructing eco-cities altering bing towns or constructing new 1s ( Register 1987 ) .Citizen organisations and municipal functionaries in metropoliss and towns around the universe have late started experimenting on this eco-city construct to run into the societal and environmental challenges ( Roseland 1997, 1998 ) . in that respect is a pressing realisation that Urban planning is a all-important(a) teaching tool for covering with the sustainable urbanisation challenges confronting twenty- maidenborn vitamin C metropoliss. Many metropoliss has applied eco-city planning construct although most of them in low graduated table. Chattanooga and the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. , Ottawa, Hamilton-Wentworth, and Great er Toronto in nookyada, and Curitiba in Brazil are some of the earliest metropoliss where this construct has been successfully applied.Curitiba, a little Brazilian metropolis, is one of the most sustainable metropoliss in the universe. It has received international acknowledgment for its incorporate transit and land-use planning, and for its waste direction plans. The metropolis s success is due to strong leadership-city functionaries who foc utilize on simple, flexible, and low-cost solutions. Throughout the undertaking, the authorities conducted regular meeting with citizen so that citizen are concern in the procedure ( Rabinovitch 1996 ) .Emboldened by the success of the supra undertakings, Designer and local authorities are be aftering for monolithic supervision and repair of traditional manner of metropolis planning. They are looking at a manner to be after new metropoliss combine the full above construct.mainland China, one of the universe most thickly settled states in th e universe, faced monolithic environmental job. It has emerged as major industrial cause only when at a great cost. The environment debasement is so terrible that it is a cause for concern in China and could hold international reverberations. Since pollution know no boundaries. Sulphur dioxide and N oxides bring in by China s coal-burning power workss fall as sulphurous rain on Seoul, South Korea, and Tokyo. Suspended particulate over Los Angeles metropolis originates in China, harmonizing to the Journal of Geophysical Research ( Kahn and Yardley 2007 ) .The Shanghai Industrial enthronement Corporation ( SIIC ) hired Arup in 2005, to plan a metropolis which would entirely utilize sustainable energy ( solar panels, air current turbines and bio-fuels ) , self-sufficing and cut down energy ingestion by 66 % in comparision to Shanghai. The eco-city of Dongtan, which is be located on the island of Chongming, non off the beaten track(predicate) from Shanghai entrust be one of the universe largest eco-city to supply lodging for 500,000 people from rural countries. The Dongtan metropolis will cover about 8,800 hectares which is approximately equal to the size of Manhattan Island. Dongtan will hold ecological footmark of 2.2 hour angles per individual by agencies of a combination of behaviour alteration and energy efficiency which is rattling boney to bound of sustainability of 1.9 hour angle set Forth by origination Wide Fund for Nature.China is besides partnering with Singapore to construct eco-city in Tianjin based on three harmoniousnesss rules which are people-people, people-environment and people-economy ( Quek 2008 ) . The 30-square-kilometer site is a soft-witted land and pee scarceness country which will be built over a period of 15 old ages at a cost of around 50 one thousand million kwais ( S $ 10 billion ) . The standard for choice of site are that it should be wasted land and H2O scarce country. First, reconstructing the jiyun river will be t op precedence for cast new metropolis of 350,000. Renewable energy like solar and tissue power, rainwater harvest home, effluent intervention and desalinization of sea H2O are some of the proposal. fall in Arab Emirates has planned to construct the universe s most sustainable metropolis, called Masdar City, enterprisingnesss of Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company. It is an ambitious undertaking which will be $ 22 billion to construct a new, zero-emissions metropolis for 50,000 occupants in Abu Dhabi. The undertaking is launched in 2007 and is designed by British house encourage + Partners. The contrive new metropolis will hold new university, the home office for Abu Dhabi s Future Energy Company, particular economic zones and an Innovation Center. Harmonizing to the interior decorator, Masdar eco-city is to be constructed in an energy efficient manner that depends on big photovoltaic power works to run into energy demands, which shall be for second stage of the metropolis enlargem ent. The metropolis is a auto free, with a maximal walk-to distance of 200m to the nearest conveyance nexus and comfortss. The streets are compact to promote walking and are complemented by a individualized speedy conveyance system. Due to it concentration, the paseo and streets are shaded making a pedestrian-friendly environment. The metropolis will hold air current, photovoltaic farms, research Fieldss and plantations, so that it is totally self-sufficient. Masdar City will be built in seven stages, the first of which is the Masdar Institute, which is set to be completed in 2010. The metropolis s stages will be increasingly built over the following decennary with the first stage making completion in 2013 ( Foster and Partner ) .The thought of a metropolis without any waste, landfill, auto, ego contained or without any C emanation seem really desirable for a metropolis but for some sceptic it a Utopian dream which will never happen. Skeptics are oppugning whether wholly planing a new metropolis is realizable integrating all the eco-city constructs due to clip and cost involved. The chief failing for maestro program eco-city is the big inputs of energy required to build an full, functional metropolis as a long uninterrupted undertaking. They are concern that it great power merely be a scheme used to screen from environmental unfavorable judgment while states like China and UAE continue to turn along the identical unsustainable way. However, states like China and UAE are in a place to fund such sort of undertakings and if it is successful it will make a case in point for other parts of the universe every bit good.Unfortunately, Dongtan eco-city neer materialise. Although, the highest echelon in Chinese functionary expresses has shown great involvement in the undertaking, the first stage of building which is to be frame for Shanghai exhibition 2010 has non even started. The Dongtan eco-city in malice of being a authorities enterprise has failed to happe n. The Mayor of Shanghai has been sentence to 18 old ages jail term on corruptness charges and maltreatment of power in 2008 ( Larson 2009 ) . Skeptics of eco-city are stating that policy shapers in China misuse the term of eco-city, to cut down unfavorable judgment of China s hapless environment records without holding any existent committedness to the thought.As for Masdar eco-city, work has already started for stage 1. However, skeptics are concern that it magnate be merely an lay out viridity in the desert where the remainder of UAE proceed in the same line of large ecological footmark which is even bigger than United State. They are besides discerning about the corporal energy used in edifices and substructure which are really high. The heavy dependant on engineering for personal rapid conveyance and substructure is another issue. Since the engineering for personal rapid conveyance is non to the full developed and co-ordinating substructure with different bureaus is hard.The construct of constructing a metropolis from a abrasion or retrofitting bing edifice or re maturation bing metropolis are some of the combustion issues. Planing a new metropolis from abrasion permits a greater comprehensive, whole systems attack, and more grades of liberty than version of an bing metropolis ( Fox 2008 ) . On the other manus, the resources and energy require for new building of a metropolis will be far greater than redeveloping an bing metropolis. However, the beliefs and motion toward eco-cities has spread worldwide and has taken strong handgrip among contriver. In malice of reverse for some undertaking, eco-city has will be chief driving force for today metropoliss and tomorrow metropoliss. Eco-cities can be built on bing eco-cities or new maestro program eco-city. Most propose maestro program eco-city is to be developed in several phases in the following 15 to forty old ages.Some of the relevant issue for Eco-city planning construct for developing new metropolis or reconciling for bing metropoliss are as followEco-city is based on holistic attack. This incorporate attack is hindered by disconnected administrative constructions, political competitions and a break down for citizen expertness. As in Dongtan instance, the surrounding dwellers are non even consulted and non cognizant of the undertakings.Eco-city construct is non truly encouraged by policy shapers and contriver as there are leery of the purpose as it involve alternate ways of decision-making ( e.g. community engagement ) , the execution of new engineerings ( e.g. like Personal rapid theodolite for Masdar or energy coevals ) and new organizational solutions ( e.g. four-fold usage ) . The extra costs involved and loss of influence are some of their chief concerns.Eco-city construct may neglect due to miss of political will and committednesss on the portion of everyone involved.The Initial investings are really high compared to traditional attack to be aftering which can scarce possible investor.However, for successful execution of eco-city, committedness from single or Party involved is paramount. Vision, aspiration and believing large in long term are some of the necessary demand. Besides, there has to be free flow of reading and trust between the policy shaper and non-policy shaper. There has to be germinal activity of win-win state of affairs for everyone to do it successful. There has to be via media in difference of sentiment and integrity of confederation.A series of challenges exist for developing metropoliss in many portion of the universe, peculiarly in developing states where rapid economic development will set force per unit flying field on metropoliss to suit lifting population and more substructures. It is the topographic point where following megacities are coming up. The interior decorator, public policy shaper are committed to developing eco-cities and other types of sustainable communities in the face of clime alteration, environmental pollution, H2O deficit, and energy demand. Today utopia s vision can go tomorrow world. Many of the sustainable metropolis stress on compact land usage, clean conveyance, waste direction, renewable energy ( whirl turbines and solar energy ) .Most of eco-city program are immense and deprivation long term investings. But should we turn away from Utopian visions they force out? Planing wholly new metropoliss is expensive, and it is non possible to construct all new metropoliss. However, we can endeavor to better bing metropoliss when there is an copiousness of already established metropoliss and urban countries. In my sentiment, I think we should encompass them and work towards seeking for bettering them. Possibly, the graduated tables of new maestro eco-city undertaking demand to be smaller so as to hold short building clip and less dearly-won. someday the impressive catch phrases, such as carbon-neutral , zero-waste , and car-free for a metropolis might be world.MentionDaly, H. 1973. Toward a Steady-State Economy, Freeman, San Francisco ( 1973 ) .McDonnell, M.J. , Hahs, A.K. , Breuste, J.H. 2009, Ecology of a metropoliss and towns A comparative attack. Cambridge University tweet 2009.Rabinovitch, J. 1996. Integrated transit and land usage planning channel Curitiba s growing. In creation Resources Institute, United Nations Environment Program, United Nations Development Program, The World Bank, World Resources 1996-97 The Urban Environment. New York Oxford University Press.Roseland, M. , 2001, The eco-city attack to sustainable development in urban countries. In Devuyst D, Hens L, De Lannoy W ( explosive detection systems ) . How green is the metropolis? Sustainability appraisal and the direction of urban environments. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 85-104.Register, R. 1987. Eco-City Berkeley Building Cities for a sanguine Future. Berkeley, CA North Atlantic Books.Register, R. 1994. Eco-cities Rebuilding civilisation, reconstructing nature. In D. Aberley, ed. , Futures By Design The Practice of Ecological Planning. Gabriola Island, B.C. New Society Publishers.Roseland, M. 1995. Sustainable communities An testing of the literature. In Sustainable Communities Resource Package. Toronto Ontario Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.Roseland, M. 1997. Dimensions of the eco-city. City The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planing 14,4 197-202.Roseland, M. , erectile dysfunction. 1997. Eco-City Dimensions Healthy Communities, Healthy Planet. Gabriola Island, BC New Society Publishers.Roseland, M. 1998. Toward Sustainable Communities, ResourcesRoseland, M. , Sustainable association Development Integrating Environmental, Economic, and Social Objectives, Progress in Planning, Volume 54 ( 2 ) , October 2000, pp. 73-132.Roseland, M. , Dimension of the eco-city, Cities, Volume 14, Issue 4, August 1997, Pages 197-202Resilience Alliance ( 2007 ) A research prospectus for urban resiliency. A resiliency confedera tion enterprise for transitioning urban systems towards sustainable hereafters. Available at hypertext channelize communications protocol //www. resalliance.org/files/1172764197_urbanresilienceresearchprospe ctusv7feb07.pdf accessed on 29 knock against 2010Kenworthy, J.R. , The eco-city 10 cardinal conveyance and planning dimensions for sustainable metropolis development, Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 18, No. 1, 67-85 ( 2006 )World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future. , Oxford University Press, New York ( 1987 ) .Dongtan, An Eco-City, edited by Zhao Yan, Herbert Girardet, et was published by Arup and SIIC in February 2006.UN HABITAT, Planning Sustainable Cities Policy waies. world(a) Report on Human Settlements 2009. Abridged edition. Gutenberg Press, Malta. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.unhabitat.org/grhs/2009. Accessed on 2 inch 2010Kahn, J and Yardley, J. As China Roars, taint Reaches Deadly Extremes. The New York Times. August 26, 2007. Available on hypertext transfer protocol //www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/world/asia/26china.html Accessed on 27 March 2010Dongtan The universe s first large-scale eco-city? Available on hypertext transfer protocol //sustainablecities.dk/en/city-projects/cases/dongtan-the-world-s-first-large-scale-eco-cityQuek, Tracy, Spore, China interruption land, straits times, China Correspondent. Sep 29, 2008. hypertext transfer protocol //www.straitstimes.com/Breaking % 2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_283867.html. Accessed on 27 March 2010Larson, Christina. China s Grand Plans for Eco-Cities Now Lie Abandoned. Yale e360. 06 Apr 2009. Available on hypertext transfer protocol //e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp? id=2138. Accessed on 28 March 2010Fox, Jesse. Ecocities of Tomorrow Can Foster + Partners Masdar City in the U.A.E. be Truly sustainable? . Treehugger. March 4, 2008. Available on hypertext transfer protocol //www.treehugger. com/files/2008/03/masdar-roundtable.php. Accessed on 29 March 2010Richard Register Writer, theoretician, philosopher and 35 twelvemonth veteran of the ecocity motion. Founder of Ecocity Builders and Urban Ecology, and writer of Ecocities Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature.

Critique on Article “The Ends of Happiness” Essay

Dr Karl Giberson is a professor at east Naz atomic number 18ne College with a PHD in Physics from Rice University. A part approaching his fifties at the writing of this article, Gibersons solution to his mid-life crisis was to compile an article The Ends of Happiness. His article was well written and he tries to collapse his experiences with felicitousness to young adults. In the article, Giberson claims that pleasure should be the end government issue of our efforts and he provides a compelling argument why we should non masturbate caught up in our pursuit of happiness by materialistic gains. However, his arguments to cover charge his thesis are inadequate due to an inherent contradiction in his supporting point and one unproven assumption in his article.Giberson (2006) uses the sweeten Experiment with children to prove his point that our ability to withhold satisfaction leads to a life age of happiness (para. 5). He further explains that unpleasant means can yield sat isfying ends (2006). This implies that our happiness will increase if we are able to set aside the things that make us happy, and work towards our goal. However, in his later argument, the author seems to imply that the happiest moments in his life, were times when he did not work towards materialistic gains.For instance, he claims he lived well, when he leave work early and spent his time with his family (Giberson, 2006, para.12, 13 & 14). This illustrates his point that the closely memorable moments in life comes from relationships as opposed to material gains (Giberson, 2006). sequence the latter argument supports his thesis, the former contradicts it by implying that happiness is something to be achieved through materialistic gains. This is shown in Gibersons example about a educatee graduating with greater earning power (2006) and how this ability is the formula for a lifetime of happiness (Giberson, 2006, para. 5).Furthermore, Gibersons argument seems to be contingent on o ne study assumption. That happiness gained from acquiring things, is less meaningful than happiness gained from spending time with family and friends. To illustrate his point, he cites evidence from his own memories. He states that memories gained from family time are clearer than the memories of buying his first car and cashing his first paycheck (Giberson, 2006, para.14). Giberson then applies this bankers bill of reasoning to back his thesis by showing us how happiness from material gains alone reduces our overall happiness as our social interactions moderate (Giberson, 2006). However, such opinionated evidence provides weak support to his thesis and regular though he did not plan on writing a scientific article, using personal memories to validate such a study assumption weakens his argument substantially.In conclusion, Giberson has indeed written a well-structured newspaper column with many coherent and interesting points. However, contradicting arguments and one unsuppor ted assumption in the article has undermined his thesis and weakened his argument. Gibersons thesis would have fared lots better had he quoted from valid sources instead of his own personal experiences. writeGiberson, K. (2006, Mar. Apr.). The Ends Of Happiness. Science & Spirit, 17, 6-7.

Computers Are Replacing More and More Jobs

Living at once in the most advanced age of technologies, humans have benefited from estimators. We potentiometernot forswear the item that computers play a crucial role in the discordant aspects of our lives. We get a deal of help from computers and believe that computers could make mountains lives and jobs easier. But on the other hand, we forget the other fact that computers would eliminate jobs too.For example, Manufacture of on the whole kinds of office products the computer easily does, the likes of typewriter, adding machine, photocopier or even CD player, DVD player, and radio. In publishing, a lot of jobs are gone, many in layout and production, since computers do layout and design faster and more(prenominal) accurately. Even in hotel and travel industry, there have been signifi tusht losings in administration in hotels because of significant advances in the way people book and check in.Nowadays, most bookings for hotels are made through websites kind of of phoning up and having your name written in a book. Additionally, management and runway of a hotel can now be done all by one person. One person can have a computer with powerful hotel management software on it which can control all functions of a hotel and allocate when and where people leave arrive. More all over, as computers take over peoples jobs, social and economical problems increase. Lack of human interactions can cause social problems.People can do banking and shopping without contacting people. It will bring less bondage between people and less jimmy for human beings. Furthermore, there are economical problems. Even though number one payment job positions disappear quickly, high payment job positions, such(prenominal) as high technology based job positions, are increased. The opening move between these two groups will become wider. The economical unbalance can cause a lot of economical problems as well as social problems.

Accommodating Differences: Everybody is Entitled to Education

on the whole people are entitled to instruction. The ground as to why I have started by indicating out this basic worldly concern is because in an academic establishment thither are diverse location pigeonholings of persons that makeup a classroom and who deserve equal chances to inject cognition. In a schoolroom puting there whitethorn be prevalent or healthy scholarly persons who do non necessitate any lead officular tending and pupils with attending famine give should be provided with circumstance milieu to ease their science of cognition. For illustration in a category puting one whitethorn make water visu in alto considerhery damage or unsighted pupils, pupils with attending shortage upset ( ADD ) and absolutely recipe individuals who female genitals make all the standard school jobs without any surplusage attempt.It s incumbent upon any teacher to understand the differences that exist in such a category so as to supply all the three classs of pupils with what they came to school for Learning. Brantlnger ( 1997 ) has pointed out that harmonizing to late(a) research done to asses whether dis crackd pupils should be required to stick part in all the regular instruction activities, there are some(prenominal) advantages that go along with their engagement in regular categories, including They are able to increase academic accomplishments, they get better societal accomplishments, they gain more than positive ego construct easing to greater self esteem, and get more appropriate societal accomplishments ( Brantlnger, 1997 ) .Common features in all pupilsThe conversion in this group of pupil exhibits different features. Nevertheless for a teacher to efficaciously supply an disposed environment for all pupils to larn there is a select to understand the pupils. Equally much as he/she whitethorn place their diverseness, there are common traits in all pupils and in this specific group that go out enable the teacher to do intellige nt judgement and determinations in relation to the learning methodological analysis.All pupils will ever desire to be treated as develop people. The instructor can easy impact and transform a pupil to make anything if he entreaties to the desire of adulthood which holds a pupil responsible for their actions. A instructor should demand an big degree of hold from each pupil at the same clip stress on big(p) larning necessitating hand on experience. The instructor should handle pupils with regard ( commingle create Inc. , 2007 ) .No pupil comes to category with a desire to neglect the instructor should utilize the basic desire to win to its extreme advantage by means of endeavoring to help them to come on from one triumph to an otherwise. The adage that success breeds success can neer be more true and implementable. The instructor ought to transfuse self assurance in a pupil through with(predicate) proviso of support that encourages intense acquisition. It s the characte r of people to go defeated hence give up if they are invariably neglecting ( immix produce Inc. , 2007 ) .Ability to monetary standard is a common feature among all pupils pupils are speedy to sentiments preparation. Students will measure everything within their disposal including the teacher. Students will rapidly observe deficiency of enthusiasm, competency or earnestness. It s the instructor s function to put the gait for ardor in his movement and pupils are most likely to follow suit. Since pupils will ever measure the instructor should non supply them with an chance of diverse rating ( Integrate Publishing Inc. , 2007 ) .All pupils are bound to do faults as any normal human being for man is to mistake . When an teacher understands this it becomes easier to cover with all pupils in their diverseness. Those who have disablements should be encouraged to understand that they are non the lonely(prenominal) 1s who make mistakes as an mistake is non an terminal to the acquisit ion procedure. A error should be capitalized on in all pupils to do interpret it into a positive acquisition experience. A ridicule is really traumatizing hence makes a pupil to be stigmatized by others. A instructor should non supply an environment for such to boom. All pupils should be judged by the same criterion ( Integrate Publishing Inc. , 2007 ) .Some of the challenges that a instructor whitethorn endure in the enterprise to supply the diverse population with instruction whitethorn implicateCommunication challengeIn this group puting where a instructor has a people with different abilities and restrictions it becomes difficult to utilize a common lingual communication that is apprehensible by all the pupils. In this category the normal and ADD pupil will at easiness construe what the instructor says in category since the non verbal cues fulfils a great function in easing the effectual communicating. The instructor will hold to do excess attempts in doing the circumstance pupil to be at par with the other pupils.Monitoring and EvaluationThe rating of pupils in such a some(prenominal)(a) up puting becomes a challenge. The instructor may be forced to run particular attending to ADD pupils and the pupils with eyes damage. This state of affairs may demand from the instructor to fix a different test from the rarity of the pupils or to put them aside. This farther becomes a challenge for the particular group may hold different abilities where those who are better placed may take the advantage of the state of affairs to overreach the physically fit more clip to reply exam inquiries.Time directionIn a category puting where people have different abilities the instructor may hold to develop particular learning accomplishments that may demand some more clip to go through the message place. The composing stop number of the pupils differ therefore the instructor has to suit the full pupil to stock warrant that no pupil is left Begin. At the same clip the instructor has to cover the course of study in the set clip. This may demand that the instructor creates excess clip to make this ( Ormrod, 2008 ) .The instructor may in any event neer be certain whether a pupil is partly impaired or he is feigning so as to bask the particular privileges that are enjoyed by those who have this particular demand.Particular larning chances neededAn academic establishment may hold to use some more particular acquisition chances for the blind and the cripple pupils. For the unsighted pupils E-learning Opportunities and Barriers for the Blind ( ELBA ) can play this important function really efficaciously. The blind and visually impaired pupils can analyze together with the remainder of the pupils merely that they are required to take the particular devices. The instructors and the pupils explore the multimedia available in easing acquisition. This may include the usage of tablet-PCs or Pas, computing machines, wireless LAN webs where informations in tran sferred by usage of wireless moving ridges ( Miesenberger, 2004 ) .A pupil with fond(p) eyepiece damage may utilize close circuit television set magnifier, big print books, and big print typewriters. The pupil may in any case utilize sound taped lambasts and books, a pupil may anyway utilize raised diagram or drawings illustrators, charts, forms, physical variety meats, three dimensional theoretical accounts, and alleviation maps among many other tools that are big plenty for pupils with ocular damage. In rating the instructor may use big prints, Braille or unwritten tests to the pupils.The adjustment of pupils with ocular damage needs a anterior readying for their categories. The instructor should stock warrant progress handiness of the course of study or the learning make so that the necessary agreements will be made such as brailing or tape. The instructor should form the category in such a manner that the forepart seats are reserved for the pupils with particular demands ( Finn, 1991 ) . In represent a pupil is utilizing a usher Canis familiaris, it should be really disciplined and provided with small infinite. The teacher should ever do attempts to confront the category while learning. The teacher should guarantee that whatever is displayed on the palisade or blackboard is conveyed verbally and supply a transcript of the squash to the note-takers. The teacher should allow the pupils to tape record the category or talk Sessionss or render transcripts of notes where indispensable. The instructor should supply big print transcripts of schoolroom stuffs. When the instructors issues assignments he should be flexible with deadlines for this group of pupils ( Sacks & A Wolff, 2006 ) .Students with attending shortage upset ( ADD ) need to be sited near the instructor and pupil who shall move as function theoretical accounts to the pupil. The instructors should learn them from close similarity utilizing soft voiced tone. The instructor should extingui sh broadcasted sounds that proceed from equipments such as computing machines. To actuate the pupils the instructor should praise appropriate behaviour. The instructor should reexamine prior accomplishments every bit good as larning for doing connexions ( Ormrod, 2008 ) . The instructor should place all the necessary stuffs for the instruction in clip he besides has a duty of sketching cardinal words or constructs before get downing the lesions. The instructor should guarantee that at the stopping point of every lesson he closes the lesion with a restatement of the aims of the lesion. The instructor should interrupt instructions to assorted attendant stairss for pupil to easy hold on. He should supply extended undertakings which he will carefully supervise. Promote the pupils to us taped drawn-out reading and let the pupils to do usage of reckoners. Should fix the pupils for passage by denoting several times that a certain lesion is coming to a closing at the same clip preview th e approaching categories promoting pupils to get down darn for the categories. The instructor should supply information in progress in instance there are any alterations in the modus operandis. It is of import to unite the vocal music cues with ocular cues to heighten communicating. The highlighting of cardinal words in the work sheet facilitates in capturing the attending of the pupil ( McGraw, 2010 ) .

Romeo and Juliet- Dilemmas

Out of the frying pan into the fire The cause and stamp mendicant Lawrences dilemma, in William Shakespe atomic number 18s turn, Romeo and Juliet. A dilemma is a very unfortunate thing that no individual should ever put on to face. A dilemma is a very tough choice in which in that respect are many choices, all of which usually have drab outcomes.William Shakespeare gives us many examples of a dilemma throughout his impart of, Romeo and Juliet, most of the dilemmas Shakespeare shows us, is when mendicant Laurence has to ensconce whether to attach Romeo and Juliet, how he has to decide how to get Romeo and Juliet back together after Romeo is banished, and finally how his choice leads to the finis of the two star crossed maniars.Through friar Laurences example, William Shakespeare demonstrates that when faced with a dilemma go with a simple choice, because when ideas break complex there is more room for error. Initially we see mendicant Laurence as a man of the church w ho disapproves of Romeos love for Rosaline, but also disapproves of him changing whom he loves very quickly. Friar Laurence tells Romeo that he is going through love to quickly, (Holy Saint FrancisWhat a change is here Is Rosaline that super C didst love so dear, So soon forsaken? Young mens love because lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes2. 3. 66-69) This is solitary(prenominal) some of the wisdom spoken by Friar Laurence to young Romeo in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet on the decision made by him to wed xiii year old Juliet in such hastiness after throw off his love for Rosaline.Romeo sought after instruction through the wisdom of Friar Laurence when he first met Juliet as there was no one else he could turn to, especially when the couple decided they wanted to get married. At that point in the play, it became apparent to Friar Laurence that if he were to marry Romeo and Juliet that it could eradicate the hatred between the Capulets and the Montagues, a nd concludes that he will help Romeo and Juliet while their marriage in secret, hoping that it will bring their familys together.However, after Friar Laurence marries Romeo and Juliet, he is confronted with the obstacle of Romeo cosmos banished, which causes him too struggle as he seeks to find a way to keep Romeo and Juliet together. Juliet convinces Friar Laurence to help her by coming up with a plan to bring Romeo and Juliet back together, (God united my heart and Romeos, thou our hands And ere this hand, by thee to Romeos sealed, Shall be the label to another(prenominal) deedCould to no issue of true honor bring Be not so long to speakI long to die, If what thou speakst, speak not of remedy 4. 1. 56-58 66-68). In the discussion Juliet blames Friar Laurence for marrying her to Romeo, and blames him for Romeo being banished, she tells him it is his entire fault and he needs to fix it, thus evoking Friar Laurence to come up with a plan to help her spend epoch with Romeo. Conse quently when Friar Laurence comes up with a complex plan, when something that Juliet said sparks an idea, (O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris, 4. . 78) Juliet tells him that she would rater die than marry Paris, which brings him to the idea of faking Juliets death. He believes, with a draft that puts Juliet to sleep, and makes her look all in(p), her family will put her in the family vault. accordingly as a second stage of the plan a earn would be given to Romeo telling him to come to the burial vault, where they will meet, and wherefore after she awakes they will be able to run off together, and put out somewhere else happily ever after.But the complexity of father Laurences plan leads to a miscommunication, which causes the death of both star crossed lovers. Romeo fails to receive Friar Laurences earn and receives the news of Juliets death from a relative, but the relative does not get of the plan behind her death. Romeo goes to visit the burial vault, and kills himse lf over Juliets seemingly dead body, soon after she awakes and then kills herself once she realizes Romeo is dead.This is why a dilemma is so complicated and why it should not be forced upon anyone. As demonstrated by William Shakespeare in his play Romeo and Juliet, a dilemma is a choice with much room for error and needs to be at peace(p) through with much precaution. William Shakespeare saw the need to put dilemmas in his play and understood the importance of choices that seemed like every day choices, but had grievous decisions involved, choices in which the power to change the whole story line is held.These choices are shown by William Shakespeares character Friar Laurence, as he has to decide whether to marry Romeo and Juliet, he has to decide how get Romeo and Juliet back together after Romeo is banished, and finally when his choices lead to the death of Romeo and Juliet. One bit of advice that should be taken from this play is that, when faced with a dilemma go with a simp le choice, because when ideas become complex there is more room for error.

Disaster recovery training

It is approximately inevitable that at some focus, a crinkle or make-up pass on sleep with a serious calamity that may check it from carrying out its normal day to day traffic trading operations. Such calamities may include computer malfunctioning, accidents, floods, fires, grievous acts, among others. When cataclysm strikes, it is in-chief(postnominal) for the constitution to drive home a proper accident reco rattling plan that testament admirer the clientele signifi cigarettetly reduce the losses incurred and recover within a short time frame.For this reason, this presidential term has set up a expert accident convalescence cookery team which forget ply for such(prenominal) eventualities. However, even as the expertise of the team cannot be questioned, it is still important for the members to at a lower placego disaster recovery rearing from a credible tercet party and be properly certified so as to leave behind our come with with the global crush shapes and recommendations for the implementation of disaster recovery as well as care persistence. Offering hazard recovery cooking to our team get out to a fault succor prevent our organization from reinventing the hertz (Thejendra, 2008).There are several organizations that provide consultancy and reading in Disaster convalescence practices but it is important to choose carefully, those who willing train our disaster recovery team so as to achieve the best possible homework and exposure. The choice is to a large ex ecstasyt, dependent on their Disaster recovery evidence and relevant experience in this field of honor. Based on these requirements, the spare-time activity are five possible sources that can adequately train our disaster recovery grooming team. They include skipper training organizations and faculty member options. DRI internationalDRI is an acronym for the Disaster Recovery Institute and is a reputable international organization which provides traini ng and software documentation on disaster recovery and blood perseveration. The training courses that it offers browse from basic to good take strikes and its support weapons platforms are aimed towards help oneselfing an organization to claim its master copy take aim of competence even in the midst of calamity. If contracted, DRI will help our planning team learn how to develop a billet doggedness focussing program and bewilder up with proper resiliency strategies to overcome disasters in the shortest time frame possible.The training offered by DRI international is quite comprehensive and covers each career level therefore members of our DR planning team can grow and improve their knowledge as they upgrade up the career ladder (DRI International, 2009). The professional certification is granted in five different levels starting from entry level to to a greater extent advanced levels. The entry level certification training is the Associate art Continuity Profess ional (ABCP) which will support our team members who train little than two days experience in this field.The second certification level is the Certified Business Continuity Vendor (CBCV) which is offered to those with more than two old age experience and who read knowledge of the DRI professional practices. Another certification level is the Certified Functional Continuity Professional (CFCP) level which is open for those who demonstrate knowledge, pitch more than two years working experience and name interoperable experience in at least three professional practices subject areas.The Certified Business Continuity Professional is offered to those who have practical experience in at least five professional practice subject areas and the Master Business Continuity Professional (MBCP) will cater for those who have more than five years working experience and have practical experience in at least seven professional practices subject areas. DRII certification is internationally rec ognised meaning that our team will get the best possible Disaster Recovery training and put through it to our organization (DRI International, 2009). Business continuity instituteThe Business Continuity institute (BCI) is an internationally recognized organization that offers training on bloodline continuity. It was started in 1994 with the aim of helping its members to get guidance on proper centering of business continuity. This institute offers training and certification on business continuity management through a program known as the BCI professional reference program. This program is aimed at helping organizations to identify any potential threats to their business and achieve resiliency so that they can respond effectively and sentry duty their business when disaster strikes.Some of the skills imparted by BCI training include business resilience as well as recovery strategies, business continuity plans and strategies for adventure management. (Business Continuity Insti tute, 2009). Training with BCI can be very beneficial to our organization especially due to its international status. The BCI professional recognition program is a benchmark for assessing best practice and has encouraged the improvement of business enhancing skills. Our disaster recovery planning team can therefore greatly hit from the high quality training which this institute is capable of providing.BCI certification is ground on the Certification standards for Business Continuity Professionals which are internationally recognized standards of disaster recovery and were published in conjunction with DRI international. Thus BCI certification is internationally recognized and its prestigious status will boost our organizations credibility and portray us a competent plenty to carry out business continuity practices consistently and to a very high professional standards (Business Continuity Institute, 2009). International Consortium for Organizational ResilienceThis is other inter national organization that offers training on disaster recovery and business continuity. It offers professional certifications through several certification programs that have been tailor make to suit each career level. ICOR courses are offered at the ICOR University and include ten disciplines, among them, Business Continuity Management, put on the line Management and Insurance, social resilience and crisis management and communication. The CORA Associate certification program is for entry level professionals and is offered even to those with no work experience.The CORS Specialist certification level is given to those with a stripped-down of three years work experience and who have a certification in one discipline from ICOR University. CORM manager is a more advanced certification level and for those with more than five years work experience and certifications in at least two disciplines from ICOR University. CORP Professional ICOR certification requires more than seven years wo rk experience and certifications in cardinal disciplines from ICOR University.Finally, CORE executive certification program is for those with more than ten years working experience and certifications from six disciplines in ICOR University. The credentialing program from ICOR is designed to help students to progress as professionals (The ICOR, 2009). The main aim of ICOR is to empower the professionals who are in charge of business continuity planning with skills that will enable them to come up with adequate resilience strategies for their businesses. If our team trains at ICOR, they will have the benefit of interacting with other professionals making their learning more meaningful.ICOR is also recognized cosmopolitan as offering resilience solutions to organizations therefore if we gain merged membership, our team will be able to access quite a number of benefits. Some of these advantages include interacting with professionals, having illimitable access to the ICOR library so they can read widely on the subject and have unlimited access to a wide variety of resources. As members, they will undergo thorough training and certification at a lower cost. They can attend professional conferences and constantly be updated on what is going on in this field.These benefits will be translated to the organization in from of improved business continuity practices as they apply what they have learnt (The ICOR, 2009). Norwich University This is one of the few academic options which offer training in the field of disaster recovery and business continuity. The disaster recovery course which started in December 2008 is offered at the Norwich online groom of Graduate studies under the get the hang of attainment in Business continuity program. Norwich University developed this program so as to increase the level of training in the disaster recovery field.Among the subject areas that it addresses are policies, systems and procedures that will help a company to carry on wi th its day to day operations even in the face of a disaster that threatens interruption. Being a legions college, Norwich University seems like a natural setting for this program since the military is among the first organizations in the United States to initiate contingency planning. The MSBC program will help organizations to strengthen information assurance thereby enhancing business continuity (Larkin, 2008).The MSBC program seeks to help businesses adopt business continuity as a best practice, assessing all business aspects from information technology to supply chains. It will help our team learn how to identify weaknesses in the disaster recovery system. The fact that lessons in this program also involve learning instantaneously from experts and analyzing case studies of those who have actually undergone business interruption at this point and this provides more adequate and relevant information which our disaster recovery planning team can then apply to our workplace.Learni ng from those who have undergone a disaster first hand is more beneficial than just learning divinatoryly. The program is provided online so our team members can learn from the comfort of their homes or in the office and as they learn, they apply it concurrently to the workplace. This can be likened to on the job training, only the company is not providing the training directly. Furthermore, Norwich University is able to get in instructors in diverse working in their different fields worldwide therefore its students benefit from a wide field of knowledge (Larkin, 2008). capital of Massachusetts University Metropolitan CollegeBoston University is another academic option which offers training in the field of disaster recovery and business continuity. The course is offered online in two limpid programs. One is offered as a Graduate Certificate in attempt Management and Organizational Continuity (RMOC) and the other is offered as a Masters of Science in Business Continuity and Emerg ency Management (MSBCEM). The alumna certificate program has been designed to help businesses come up with the best strategies to cope with the various calamities that may present themselves in the lifetime of the company (Boston University online, n.d). Students in the RMOC program are taught both proactive and reactive aspects of managing a crisis. The program covers preparedness planning, proper development of a business continuity plan among others. Students will also undergo a simulation of an jot situation at the workplace and this will help them apply the theoretical concepts that they have learned in the duration of their coursework. Members of our planning team will be able to gain useful knowledge in business continuity.They will be able to gain valuable professional credentials. It is also possible for them to further their training by enrolling in the online Master of Science in specialty management which specializes in Business Continuity, Security & Risk Management. T his course is offered to build on the graduate certificate RMOC program and students under the RMOC program can simply transfer their credits to MSBCEM program and fatten out it only by covering the eight core courses (Boston University Online, n. d).

Effects of the use of web-based tools in Blended Learning Essay

Technology has make a deep furbish up on all aspects of human lives ranging from communication to erudition and enhancing individual performance. The unoriginal classroom is slowly world replaced by computer found educate and online subscribe to purlieus that has penetrated remote corners of the globe via the Internet. The utilize of development and communication technologies in education has transformed traditionalistic methods of nurture and teaching practices.The personalized nurture environment offered by the online medium has great potentials and jackpot influence the acquire mold to a considerable extent. Technology has been a great enabler of transforming and re-defining the course a system operates and the wide variety of applications that it end support. M some(prenominal) mesh contrive based education environments part innovative technologies that have revolutionized the scholarship mathematical process over the past few years. Distance accomplis hment with the use of collaborative tools and technologies available has made significant breakthroughs in the business line of instruction.In the past few decades a number of tools and technologies have emerged that has enabled the users to adopt place training courses and training departments atomic number 18 using it to provide cost effectual centre of implementing training and development programs for their employees spread across the globe. The online training environment is supported by various types of tools that provide high take of interactivity and collaborative features alter participants to change messages, files, icons and presentations.This kind of technology is to a greater extent than and more being apply in a wide range of applications ranging from facilitating electronic discussion amongst schoolchilds to enabling distance learning programs through weather vane conferencing. The revolution in communication and education technology has had a pro found effect on the teaching and learning process. The change is visible in developing learning communities online. Most of the countries and even developing economies are stressing on the use of computers as an instructional medium.E learning encompasses a wide variety of tools and technologies that can be used to stimulate the learning process in an individual. With the divine service of this technology a variety of online learning services are made available ranging from online searches, tutorials, college courses, and professional courses to professional training and individual development programs. The E learning model adopts high level of audio and video fundamental interaction integrated with graphics and animation tool to present the learning module in an attractive format.Educational institutions and business organizations are increasingly adopting the e learning model for learning and training purposes. E learning is being increasingly used as a solution for delivering on line learning heedless of physical locations or time constraints. The whole world has become an increasingly connected global community that can share ideas and exchange instruction through the Internet.More people across the globe are go towards the latest technology gadgets that have made communication channels fast and faster. It has proved to be a big resource for individuals who would want to learn a virgin skill or train themselves in new fields while pursuing their current employment. Hence, E learning field has provided new and better learning opportunities extending its reach beyond university campus and corporate learning centres. Blended learning an overviewBlended learning has been described as a phrase introduced by the distance learning community in recognizing the harbor of synchronous learning activities, like face to face interactions with instructors and collaborative crap with helpmates, as complements to activities performed asynchronously by individual learners (Howard et al. , 2006). The blended learning system includes two web based learning and traditional classroom learning environment. The web based learning system provides the students with self paced learning modules that they can practise at leisure and convenience depending on their learning capacity.This learning environment also provides E learning tools that enable live discussions and online learning programs. The conventional classroom settings are used to clarify doubts and queries regarding the course content and student progress. An in effect(p) learning environment facilitates interaction amid the learners that increases the scope to exchange ideas and opinions, share experiences and assess their level of understanding on the subject matter.A classroom environment provides this kind of face to face interaction enabling the students sharing the same learning goals to coordinate with each other, communicate their ideas and teaching. Jonassen (1988) has decl ared in his works that the effectiveness of any learning environment is based on the types and levels of cognitive and metacognitive activity engendered in the learners. It is widely accepted that learning is set upd in instructional settings where students are engaged in touch personally relevant content and are reflective during the learning process.Learners that inscribe in active learning activities find learning a more pleasurable and increasingly effective than engaging in monotonous chew up sessions. Online learning provides the learners with the scope to explore the topics and study related theories that increase their level of understanding. The key ingredient to a successful computer based learning application is its ability to interact with the student and direct the flow of learning in accordance with the student capability. The visibility and presentation of information through attention grabbing graphics and multimedia tool make this a more effective learning plat form.Once the attention of the student is on the learning tool the application needs to stimulate the learners infrequency that in turn leads to search for answers and in-depth study of the learning module. The most effective teaching method involves a high level of interaction between the teacher and the student. A dedicated teacher is one who understands the students learning capacity and his shortcomings and guides him through with effective feedback. A two-way communication between the teacher and the student is very effective in the learning process.Computer based learning applications are continually striving to bring home the bacon the human to human interactivity level and have been quite successful in this venture with the aid of multimedia based technologies. Blended learning combines the despotic aspects of both conventional classroom learning and online learning to provide an enriching learning experience to the students. Web-based tools There are wide varieties of co mputer-mediated communications technologies that enable care and support E learning. These tools have facilitated extensive collaboration and communication protocols providing an enriched learning environment.Some of these tools are email, chat, video conferencing, web conferencing, newsgroup, blogs, forums, virtual classrooms, and message boards. synchronous and asynchronous tools E learning is commonly referred to the international use of networked information and communications technology in teaching and learning. It refers to educational processes that utilize information and communications technology to mediate asynchronous as well as synchronous learning and teaching activities (Naidu, 2006). Both synchronous and asynchronous tools can be used effectively to communicate, exchange and form ideas and information on a specific subject matter.Synchronous E learning is live, legitimate time facilitated instruction, and learning oriented interaction that enables learners to use el ectronic means to collaborate and participate in live forums. The root of synchronous E learning has been derived from three main influences the classroom, the media, and the conference. The virtual classroom uses highly interactional forms of synchronous E learning tools to simulate a conventional classroom environment. White-board, discussion rooms, and break come on areas are some of the concepts used to enhance interactivity between learners in a virtual classroom.Naidu (2006) also observes that most of the applications are built around the synchronous learning model that makes use of tools like virtual learning environment, rapid E learning, web casting, web conferencing, video conferencing, webinars, live E learning, and e conferencing. These synchronous E learning tools helper in connecting dispersed learners, facilitating real time interaction and collaboration, fostering a sense of immediacy and co-presence, developing a learning community, and enabling devil to subject matter expert resources.This kind of learning environment rules out gender and personality dominance that tends to overpower in a traditional classroom setting. It encourages learners towards better teamwork, collaboration skills, strong motivation and extended peer support (Naidu, 2006). Asynchronous tools like emails, electronic forums, online discussions, blogs, provide a platform for students and teachers to discuss ideas and opinions on a specific topic.This form of E learning is commonly facilitated by media such as email and discussion boards, supports work relations among learners with teachers, even when participants cannot be online at the same time (Hrastinski, 2008). This provides a form of flexibility to the learners since they can access learning materials and information any time according to their convenience. The learners can log on to an E learning environment and access training materials, receive and send messages to peers and tutors. In high education, learner s can pursue online courses while taking care of other commitments.Asynchronous E learning tools have the advantage of enabling users to access information and pursue their subject matter with greater degree of concentration allowing the head teacher to process the information at leisure. However, it also has some significant drawbacks that include greater learner discipline since the learner has to take initiatives to login and make use of the information and tasks involved in learning process. This kind of learning process is more impersonal and isolated as compared to synchronous learning tools that enable live interaction (Ashley, 2003).

Farmer Suicides and Agrarian Distress

FC PROJECT- SEM II FARMERS SUICIDES AND AGRARIAN DISTRESS 1988 The peasants have started to curve the political muscles that their economic betterment has given them They have acquired the capacity to souse the kind of sustained struggle they have. It is going to be difficult to finish them because they command the vote banks in the countryside to which every party seeks access A new specter of peasant power is likely to haunt India in coming years. Editorial in Times of India, Feb 3 1988, sp atomic number 18-time activity sodbuster agitations for high prices and subsidies in Western Uttar Pradesh 005 culture in India today is an economic residue that generously accommodates non-achievers resigned to a life of sad satisfaction. The villager is as bloodless as the rude economy is lifeless. From rich to forgetful, the trend is to leave the village Dipankar Gupta, The Vanishing Village 2007 evaluate of out out process of market-gardening in the last decade have been poor and argon a major cause of agrarian distress. Farming is increasingly becoming an unviable activity. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India Introduction India is primarily an agricultural country. more(prenominal) than 60% of its population directly or indirectly depends on culture. Agriculture accounts for approximately 33% of Indias GDP. Agriculture in India is often imputed to frolic with monsoon. Farmers ar heavily dependent on the monsoons for their harvest. If the monsoons fail, they leave the farmer infra a heap of debt with no harvest, their sole(prenominal) source of income. Unable to stomach the heavy burden of debt, they see egotism-destruction as the de2003-2008. According to the view Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), there have been nearly 2 hundred thousand farmer self-destructions since 1997.However, financial obligation is not the only reason for suicides. The suicides are a manifestation of the growing agrarian distress in India. It is clear from the live crisis, that the agrarian chase is marginalized in the home(a) policy agenda today. rural Crisis Falling productiveness Over the years the economy of India had underg oneness a geomorphologic transformation due to which the share of agriculture has been declining. However the workforce utilize in agriculture hasnt decreased. Accordingly, in 2004-05, the share of agriculture in GDP was 20. %, and yet the workforce employed in agriculture was stock-still 56. 5%. This structural dissimilarity means that there is a colossal difference in the productivity of workers in agriculture and in non-agriculture occupations, productivity of workers in agriculture being one fifth of those in non-agriculture. marginalization of peasantry This high burden of labour force has, in addition, been falling on a behind contracting cultivable flat coat sphere. Between 1960 and 2003, the human activity of holdings doub conduct from 51 zillion to 101 million, while the area operated decline d from 133 million hectares to 108 million hectares.This has led to a sharp decline in the fair size of the holding, leading to increasing number of subatomic and marginal farmers. Hence, the counterbalance of marginal landholders has change magnitude from 39. 1% in 1960-61 to 71% in 2003, and among them they only operate 22. 6% of the land. This continuing skewed pattern of land monomania reflects the lack of serious land reforms. Increasing marginalization forces the farmers into sharecropping and renting surplus land. This leads to difficulties like insecurity of lease, increasing cost and wretched returns from production, and difficulties in accessing credit.Declining growth pass judgment Growth rates of agriculture have been on the decline. The growth rate by GDP from agriculture shed from 3. 08% during 1980-81 to 1990-91, to 2. 57% during 1992-93 to 2005-06. This include a dip to 1. 3% in 1999-2000 and even a damaging growth of -2% in 2000-2001. Declining profitabili ty of agriculture The ratio of total prices acquire by the agricultural sector to the total prices paying by it to non-agricultural sectors is one of the important economic indicators to test whether agricultural sector as a whole has either gained or lost in the process of economic growth.Although the reforms in the 90s with policies such as devaluation of currency were expected to benefit agriculture and improve its sexual relation terms of trade (ToT), this has not really been sustained. The patronage and income ToT became favourable to agriculture from 1984-85 until 1996-97, but thereafter they more or less stagnated Likewise, the Input-Output set Parity (computed by comparing the index of prices paid for agricultural inputs with the index of prices received for the end products, has since 1994-95 remained lower than one hundred, indicating declining profitability of agriculture (Government Of India, 2008).Erosion of real incomes of farmers When the prices received by the fa rmers for their crops are compared with the prices they pay for consumer goods (i. e. , Consumer Price Index for unpolished Labour CPIAL), it is observed that farmers are facing an eating away of real incomes because the growth in aggregate price index for consumer goods has been higher than the growth in price index for agricultural commodities (Govt. of AP 2007).This has resulted in declining relative living standards of farmers, particularly for small and marginal farmers whose incomes are clearly inadequate to meet consumption expenditure. Slowdown of exports Exports flattened out after 1997 following the East Asian Crisis and the consequent sizeable deceleration in growth of international trade in agriculture. Simultaneously, international prices started falling for most commodities, make Indian exports uncompetitive. Cheap imports have been on the rise with the removal of decimal restrictions on agriculture by 2000. Changing cropping patternsWith the opening-up of the eco nomy, expectations of export opportunities and higher innovation prices for agricultural commodities led many farmers to move into cash crops, away from traditionalistic subsistence crops. Devaluation of the rupee make Indian exports cheaper and hence attractive on the cosmos market, and further encouraged cultivation of cash crops. On aggregate, the total area of the countrys farmland growing traditional grains declined by 18% in the decade after 1990-91, whereas areas growing non-food crops of cotton and sugarcane increased by 25% and 10% respectively.Declining irrigation Ironically, with a shift in cropping patterns towards more water intensive cash crops, the aggregate net irrigated area remained moribund (GoI 2007). State governments have grossly neglected investment in scratch irrigation infrastructure. Consequently there has been an increase in private investment in exploiting ground-water sources (mainly bore wells), which have been growing relative to canal and tank irr igation. This has led to overexploitation of ground water and a falling water table, forcing farmers to enhance their wells every few years, which is expensive.Disappearing institutions The gradual weakening of state-support has excessively lead to dormancy of several state-run corporations, which used to provide support to the little farmer. In AP, among these were the AP State Agro Development Corporation (APSADC) which manufactured and distributed agricultural machinery, tools and inputs at subsidized rates, and AP State Seeds Development Corporation (APSSDC) which produced its own seed, sold it. Agricultural Extension Service was also downsized. Credit squeezeThe farmers perhaps most acutely feel the withdrawal of the state in the decline in institutional credit support. With agriculture becoming increasingly commercialized and costs of cultivation rising, most farmers look for external sources of credit. Institutional credit comes in the form of loans from commercial, co-ope rative, and regional rural banks. The nationalization of main banks in 1969 compulsory them to prioritize lending to agriculture, with tight interest-rate controls. But this came to an abrupt end with the Narasimham military commission on Banking Reforms post-1991.Through various redefinitions of what constituted priority lending, the committee slowly squeezed credit lines to farmers. In AP the proportion of bank lending to agriculture fell from 43% in 1998 to 26. 7% in 2003, covering only tercet of the credit needs of the farmers. Even mandates of special lending to SCs, STs and very small farmers were revoked to pursue commercial viability and aggressive loan recovery. Tenant cultivators with insufficient titles are altogether denied access to formal credit.With this drying up of formal credit, the farmers are left hand with no choice than to depend on promiscuous sources for credit. An NSSO survey in 2004 revealed that 68. 6% of the total loans taken by farmers in AP are fro m the informal credit market. This credit typically comes at usurious interest rates (anything between 36% and 100% compound), and worse, from the same entrepreneur who is selling the farmer the seeds and fertilizers. This stranglehold of the trader-moneylender has become the root of much exploitation and misery.Credit from these agents is virtually never in cash form. It is inputs (his own brand of seeds, fertilizers) issued against the future output whose price, invariably low and exploitative, is fixed by the agent himself. Farmer suicides Causes and Statistics The drying up of institutional credit and exploitative informal credit traps in the spirit of rising costs and declining profitability have led to pervasive indebtedness among farmers. The Situation Assessment Survey of Farmers in the 59th round of NSS in 2003 revealed that nearly half the farmers in the country were indebted.The incidence was higher in states with input-intensive agriculture like Punjab, Haryana, Mahara shtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, and was highest at 82% in Andhra Pradesh (GoI 2007). The cotton tap is where the suicides are taking place on a very, very large scale. It is the suicide belt of India. The share of the Big 5 States or suicide belt in 2008 Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh remained very high at 10,797, or 66. 6 per cent of the total farm suicides in the country.According to a study by the government of Maharashtra, almost 6 in 10 of those who drink down themselves had debts between $110 and $550. Indebtedness, along with the constellation of input and output risks clear up above has been putting the farmer under sustained duress. A tragical manifestation of this has been the phenomenon of suicides among desperate farmers. Since 1995, farmer suicides have been reported regularly from Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Kerala, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa and S ikkim.A Durkheimian study of the suicides concludes that the marginalization of the rural sector in the national policy agenda which prioritizes rapid economic growth is leaving rural producers with a feeling of socio-economic estrangement from the community, and that the suicides were an effect of individualization of this estrangement. After suicide Farms are confiscated due to inability to pay back high interest loans. Corrupt moneylenders harass the families. Widows are burdened with the new responsibility as the sole breadwinner. Children sometimes lose both parents to suicide, forcing their education to a alt, peculiarly if they have to work in order to provide for their needs. Economic packages are provided to the farmers. But due to corruption the help never reaches the family. Conclusion and Recommendations all(prenominal) over the world the impact of an industrial approach to boosting crop yields has bare(a) many small farmers of their self-sufficiency and thrown them into despair. A few recommendations are as follows ?Input costs should be reduced. ?Markets must(prenominal) be made available for agricultural produce. ?A good market price must be provided for agricultural products. For farmers, credit should be made available at low interest rates. ?The extension system should be revived to do work problems in the field. ?There should be a proper system to embrace the issue of water scarcity. ?Adequate water for irrigation should be provided. ?Conserve Agro Bio -Diversity in Gene and Seed banks. ?Increase budget outlay for Agriculture in every Five Year plan of the Government of India. ?Agricultural land should not be given to SEZ. ?The use of Genetically Modified Seeds should be stopped and organic agricultural practices encouraged. Farmers Rights law to be implemented immediately. ?Investments should be made to restore soil health. 2007 The problem cannot be solved by economic packages alone. What is needed is social and spiritual intervent ions so that the farmers realize that suicide is not the way out they should understand that they need to develop self confidence. The future generation should have the mental strength to face lifes challenges. Amma REFERENCES http//agrariancrisis. in/ http//wikipedia. org/ http//www. councilforresponsiblegenetics. org/

Microsoft Hazel Case Essay

filbert had pop offed for the same Fortune 500 Company for almost 15 years. Although the company had g 1 through approximately tough times, things were starting to override almost. Customer orders were up and smell and productiveness had improved dramatically from what they had been entirely a few years earlier due to a company-wide quality improvement program. So it came as a real shock to chromatic and about 400 of her fellow coworkers when they were suddenly terminated following the unfermented CEOs decision to downsize the company.After recovering from the initial shock, cob tried to find employment elsewhere. Despite her efforts, after eight months of searching, she was nowhere closer to finding a job than the day that she had started. Her funds were universe depleted and she was getting much and more discouraged. There was one glistering spot, though She was able to bring in a little cash by mowing lawns for her neighbors. She got involved quite by chance when she heard one neighbor remark that now that his children were on their own nobody was around to cut the grass. Almost jokingly, cob asked how much hed be willing to pay. Soon filbert was mowing the lawns of five neighbors. Other neighbors wanted her to work on their lawns, but she didnt feel that she could spare any more time from her job search.However, as the rejection letters began to pile up, cob k parvenue she had to situate an important decision in her life. On a rainy Tuesday morning, she obstinate to go into business for herself taking business organisation of neighborhood lawns. She was relieved to let up the stress of job searching, and she was excited about the prospect of world her own boss. But she was too fearful of being completely on her own. Nevertheless, Hazel was determined to make a go of it.At maiden business was slow, but once people realized Hazel was available, galore(postnominal) asked her to take care of their lawns. Some people were simply glad to worm the work over to her others switched from other lawn care services. By the end of her first-year year in business, Hazel knew she could earn a living this way. She also performed other services such as fertilizing lawns, weeding gardens, and trimming shrubbery. Business became so correct that Hazelhired two part-time workers to assist her and, even so then, she acceptd she could expand further if she wanted to.QuestionsIn what ways are Hazels customer s likely to judge the quality of her lawn care services? Hazel is the Operations Manager of her business. Among her many responsibilities are forecasting, entry management, scheduling, quality assurance, and criminal maintenance.What kinds of things would she likely forecast?What inventory items does Hazel probably cause?What scheduling must(prenominal) she do? What things might disrupt her schedules and cause her to schedule? How important is quality assurance to her business? Why?What kind of maintenance must be perfo rmed?Hazel decided to offer the students who worked for her a subsidy of $25 if she implemented one of their ideas on how to improve the business, and they responded with several good ones. One idea that she initially rejected now appears to hold wide promise. The student that proposed the idea has unfortunately left, and is currently working for a competitor. What should Hazel do?Hazel Case RevisitedQuestionsWhat competitive advantage does Hazel energize over her competitors? Hazel would like to increase her profits, but she doesnt believe that it would be wise to raise her prices considering the current state of the local thrift (she is aware of this current state because of her keen environmental scanning abilities). kinda she has given few thought to increasing productivity.Explain how increased productivity could be an alternative to increaseprices? What are some of the ways that Hazel could increase productivity?Hazel is thinking about purchasing some new equipment. One type of new equipment she is considering is condition sidewalk edgers. She believes that power edgers will lead to an increase in productivity. Another type of new equipment would be a chain saw, which would be used for tree pruning. What trade-offs must Hazel think about in her analysis?Hazel is fair successful in her neighborhood and now wants to expand into other neighborhoods, including some that are up to five miles away. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of doing this? (this is a classic expansion dilemma) Hazel does not have a formal mission statement and a destine of objectives. Take one of the following positions and defend itHazel does not need a formal mission statement and a set of objectives. Many small businesses dont have them. She by all odds needs a formal mission statement and a set of objectives. They would be extremely beneficial. There may be some good to Hazels business, and she should consider developing one.